ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2020
Single injection of IL-12 coacervate as an effective therapy against B16-F10 melanoma in mice.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functionalized Coacervates for Cancer Therapy: Advances and Prospects in Phase-Separation-Based Intelligent Drug Delivery.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Comparison of 5 BMPs for their chondrogenic potentials and microfracture-mediated cartilage repair using heparin/PEAD coacervate sustained release polymer.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Smart coacervate microdroplets: biomimetic design, material innovations, and emerging applications in biomacromolecule delivery.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Coacervate-Based Delivery Systems: Bridging Fundamentals and Applications.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Review
- Spatiotemporal Control Over Protein Release from Artificial Cells via a Light-Activatable Protease.Advanced biology · 2025Article
- Current Insights into the Role of UV Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Melanoma Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Multi-armored allogeneic MUC1 CAR T cells enhance efficacy and safety in triple-negative breast cancer.Science advances · 2024Article
- Anti-PD-1 cis-delivery of low-affinity IL-12 activates intratumoral CD8Nature communications · 2024Article
- Structure and Dynamics of Hybrid Colloid-Polyelectrolyte Coacervates: Insights from Molecular Simulations.Macromolecules · 2023Article
- RNF8 enhances the sensitivity of PD-L1 inhibitor against melanoma through ubiquitination of galectin-3 in stroma.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- An IL-12-Based Nanocytokine Safely Potentiates Anticancer Immunity through Spatiotemporal Control of Inflammation to Eradicate Advanced Cold Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Antitumor Activities of Interleukin-12 in Melanoma.Cancers · 2022Review
- The use of heparin/polycation coacervate sustain release system to compare the bone regenerative potentials of 5 BMPs using a critical sized calvarial bone defect model.Biomaterials · 2022Article
- Coacervate-mediated novel pancreatic cancer drug Aleuria Aurantia lectin delivery for augmented anticancer therapy.Biomaterials research · 2022Article
- Inhibition of Colon Cancer Recurrence via Exogenous TRAIL Delivery Using Gel-like Coacervate Microdroplets.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Serum Proteomics in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: Peripheral Blood Immune Response to Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Emerging Strategies in TCR-Engineered T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Peptide-based coacervates in therapeutic applications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Clinical translation of immunomodulatory therapeutics.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Hitchhiking on Controlled-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Opportunities and Challenges for Cancer Vaccines.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer with one of the fastest increasing incidence rates among solid tumors. The use of checkpoint inhibitors (e.g. αPD-1 antibody) has recently emerged as a viable alternative to conventional modes of therapy. However, increasing evidence points towards the need for a tumor priming step to improve intratumoral immune cell infiltration. IL-12 is an immune-activating cytokine with such potential and was explored in earlier clinical trials as a highly concentrated systemic infusion. This unfortunately led to severe adverse effects. From this perspective, the localization and gradual release of such a potent immunotherapeutic agent in the tumor microenvironment is desired. This manuscript reports the use of a heparin-based complex coacervate to deliver IL-12, in which heparin-binding motifs on IL-12 allow for its effective encapsulation. IL-12-encapsulated complex coacervates significantly improved the bioactivity of IL-12 and provided protection from proteolytic cleavage in-vitro. Indeed, a single injection of IL-12 coacervate significantly inhibits the in-vivo growth of treated and untreated, contralateral tumor growth in a syngeneic B16F10 mouse melanoma model. Furthermore, tumors in mice receiving IL-12 complex coacervate treatment displayed increased infiltration by natural killer (NK) cells and CD8α
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.