ArticleCell2020
Restricted Clonality and Limited Germinal Center Reentry Characterize Memory B Cell Reactivation by Boosting.
Article in Cell, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05272735 (HBV Vaccination of Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Composition of Germinal Centers), which is not on this map. Cited by 214 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
HBV Vaccination of Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Composition of Germinal Centers
Who cites it
214 citing papers in PubMed, 344 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination with mRNA-encoded nanoparticles drives early maturation of HIV bnAb precursors in humans.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Vaccination induces HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Trial
- Spatial confinement promotes germinal center diversity and tempers immunodominance.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Germinal Center Selection and Plasma Cell Differentiation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Humoral immunity in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Pre-existing hemagglutinin-specific antibody levels are associated with B-cell repertoire maturation and antibody breadth after influenza vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- The Dual Role of Preexisting Immunity in Influenza: Protective Recall Versus Constraint of Novel Responses.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- mRNA-based influenza vaccine expands the B cell response breadth in humans.Nature immunology · 2026Observational
- Epigenetic signatures mark early peripheral human B lineage bifurcation and differential transcriptional profiles in mature populations.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mechanisms Underlying the Induction of Immunological Imprinting by RNA Viruses and Intervention Strategies.Viruses · 2026Review
- Rapid boosting increases germinal center responses to sequential vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Competing gene regulatory networks drive naive and memory B cell differentiation.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: From Molecular Stratification to Precision Immunotherapy.Cells · 2026Review
- Adrenergic nerves regulate B cell responses to large antigens through modulation of lymph node permeability.Research square · 2026Article
- Antibody-mediated diversification of primary and secondary humoral immune responses.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Clonal dynamics of germinal center refueling by secondary immunization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Germline-targeting HIV immunogen induces cross-neutralizing antibodies in outbred macaques.Immunity · 2026Article
154 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Repeated exposure to pathogens or their antigens triggers anamnestic antibody responses that are higher in magnitude and affinity than the primary response. These involve reengagement of memory B cell (MBC) clones, the diversity and specificity of which determine the breadth and effectiveness of the ensuing antibody response. Using prime-boost models in mice, we find that secondary responses are characterized by a clonality bottleneck that restricts the engagement of the large diversity of MBC clones generated by priming. Rediversification of mutated MBCs is infrequent within secondary germinal centers (GCs), which instead consist predominantly of B cells without prior GC experience or detectable clonal expansion. Few MBC clones, generally derived from higher-affinity germline precursors, account for the majority of secondary antibody responses, while most primary-derived clonal diversity is not reengaged detectably by boosting. Understanding how to counter this bottleneck may improve our ability to elicit antibodies to non-immunodominant epitopes by vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.