ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2020
The Intersectionality of Gender and Wealth in Adolescent Health and Behavioral Outcomes in Brazil: The 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort.
Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intersection of gender and race/skin color and food consumption of adolescents: analysis of Brazil's National Student Health Survey (PENSE) 2019.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Six-year trends and intersectional correlates of meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among South Korean adolescents: Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2013-2018.Journal of sport and health science · 2023Article
- Dietary and Nutritional Profiles among Brazilian Adolescents.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Adolescence and Gender Equality in Health.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeBrazilian society is characterized by deep socioeconomic inequalities. Using data from a population-based birth cohort, we explored how the intersectionality of family income and gender may affect adolescent health and behavioral outcomes.
methodsChildren born in 1993 in the Brazilian city of Pelotas have been followed up prospectively at the age of 15 years when the follow-up rate was 85.7% of the original cohort. Participants answered standardized questionnaires, and anthropometric measures were obtained. Outcomes in five domains were studied: overweight (body mass index above +1 SD of the World Health Organization standard for age and sex), cigarette smoking (in the previous month), violence (fight in which someone was injured, in the past year), self-reported unhappiness (based on a face scale), and psychological symptoms (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). Monthly family income was recoded in quintiles.
resultsResults were available for more than 4,101-4,334 adolescents, depending on the outcome. Overweight was more common among boys than girls (29.7% and 25.6%; p = .004) and was directly related to family income among boys (p < .001), but not among girls (p = .681). Smoking was less common among boys than girls (12.3% and 21.0%, p < .001) and showed strong inverse association with income among girls (p < .001), but not among boys (p = .099). Reported violence was twice as common among boys than girls (16.4% vs. 8.0%; p < .001); an inverse association with income was present among girls (p < .001), but not for boys (p = .925). Boys and girls were similarly likely to report being unhappy (18.4% and 20.1%; p = .176), with an inverse association with family income in girls. Psychological symptoms were slightly less common among boys than girls (25.3% and 28.3%; p = .014), with strong inverse associations with income in both sexes (p < .001). Adolescent girls from poor families were the group with the highest prevalence for three of the five outcomes: smoking, unhappiness, and psychological problems.
conclusionsGender norms influence adolescent health and behavioral outcomes, but the direction and strength of the associations are modified by socioeconomic position. Preventive strategies must take into account the intersectionality of gender and wealth.
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