ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2020
Gender Norms and Weight Control Behaviors in U.S. Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study (1994-2002).
Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- The impact of peer and media pressure on muscle dysmorphia for men and women in the general German population is mediated by the internalization of muscularity ideals.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of a culturally adapted group-based lifestyle intervention in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in a high-risk Latin American population.Translational behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- From scroll to sale: online media engagement predicts adolescents' online supplement purchases in a nationally representative cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Disordered Eating Behaviors Among US Children: Untangling the Developmental Sex Differences.The International journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Age-related trends in eating pathology symptoms among transgender and gender-diverse adults.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2025Article
- The Social, Behavioral, and Psychological Predictors of Young Women's Food Choices: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Beliefs underlying weight control behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults living with obesity: an elicitation qualitative study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Perceived clinician stigma and its impact on eating disorder treatment experiences: a systematic review of the lived experience literature.Journal of eating disorders · 2024Review
- Male Gender Expressivity and Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Risks in Men.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Age-varying associations between attempts to change weight and suicidal ideation among adolescents in the United States.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Gender Disparities in Blood Pressure and the Role of Body Mass Index: A Birth Cohort Analysis in China.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2023Article
- Association between dating app use and unhealthy weight control behaviors and muscle enhancing behaviors in sexual minority men: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Muscle-Building Exercise and Weapon Carrying and Physical Fighting Among U.S. Adolescent Boys.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2023Article
- Muscle-building behaviors from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A prospective cohort study.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Associations between negative gender attitudes and eating behaviors in Chinese children and adolescents.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Formative evaluation of a portion control and calorie reduction campaign: Insights from focus groups with target audience.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Community norms for the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) among cisgender bisexual plus women and men.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2021Article
- Weight Goals, Disordered Eating Behaviors, and BMI Trajectories in US Young Adults.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe aim of this article was to determine the relationship between gender norms and weight control behaviors in U.S. adolescents.
methodsWe analyzed prospective cohort data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 9,861), at baseline in 1994-1995 (ages 11-18 years, Wave I), 1-year follow-up (ages 12-19 years, Wave II), and 7-year follow-up (ages 18-26 years, Wave III). The primary exposure variable was a measure of one's gender normativity based on the degree to which males and females behave in ways that are similar to the behaviors of their same-gender peers. The outcome variable was an individual's weight control attempts (trying to lose or gain weight) and behaviors (dieting, fasting/skipping meals, vomiting, or weight-loss pills/laxatives/diuretics to lose weight or ate different/more foods than usual or taking supplements to gain weight).
resultsIn logistic regression analyses controlling for potential confounders, a higher baseline individual gender normativity score (higher femininity in females and higher masculinity in males) was associated with weight loss attempts (β = .10; p = .01) and weight loss behaviors (β = .18; p < .001) in girls but was associated with weight gain attempts (β = .18; p < .001) and behaviors (β = .16; p < .001) in boys at 1-year follow-up. Higher individual gender normativity score was protective of weight loss attempts (β = -.15; p < .001) and weight loss behaviors (β = -.17; p < .001) in males but not females at 7-year follow-up. Loess plots provided visualizations of significant relationships.
conclusionsGender norms may reinforce a thinner body ideal for girls but a larger ideal for boys.
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