ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2020
A New Approach Is Needed to Evaluate 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Using Spot Urines: A Validation Study in a Chinese Child Population.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Measured 24-Hour Urinary Salt Excretion With Spot Urine and 24-Hour Dietary Recall Estimates Among Adolescents and Parents: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- More spice, less salt: how capsaicin affects liking for and perceived saltiness of foods in people with smell loss.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Identification of the Best Anthropometric Index for Predicting the 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease in Southwest China: A Large Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Study.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2022Article
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Pulmonary Edema, and Sodium Toxicity: A Grounded Theory.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Anesthetic consideations for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2022Article
- Assessment and validation of three spot urine assay methods for the estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in Chinese Tibetan adults living in the mountains.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2021Article
- Can spot urine measurement be a substitute for 24-hour urine measurement to estimate sodium intake in adolescents?Pediatric investigation · 2021Article
- Salt intake and blood pressure in Iranian children and adolescents: a population-based study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Article
- Relationship between basal sodium intake and the effects of dapagliflozin in albuminuric diabetic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A New Approach Is Needed to Evaluate 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Using Spot Urines: A Validation Study in a Chinese Child Population.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Article
- Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion as a risk factor for oxidative stress in Zambian adults: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Accurate assessments of sodium intake in children are important for the early prevention of cardiovascular disease. There is currently no accurate simple and feasible sodium intake approach for children. This study intends to validate the accuracy of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) estimation in children using 3 common formulas: the Kawasaki, INTERSALT (International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure), and Tanaka formulas. Methods and Results A hospital-based child population in China was enrolled in the study and completed 24-hour urine sample collection. Concentrations of sodium, potassium, and creatinine in 24-hour urine and spot urine samples were measured. Mean difference as well as absolute and relative differences and misclassification between estimation and measurement of UNaV with 3 commonly used formulas were compared and analyzed. A total of 129 participants aged 5 to 16 years were eligible for analysis. Mean measured UNaV was 2694.9 mg/day. Mean differences between estimated and measured UNaV by the Kawasaki, INTERSALT, and Tanaka formulas were 2367.6, 26.4, and 258.8 mg/day, respectively. Proportions of relative differences of over 40% for the Kawasaki, INTERSALT, and Tanaka formulas were 79.8%, 34.9%, and 38.5%, respectively. Misclassification rates were 73.1% for Kawasaki, 69.0% for INTERSALT, and 62.4% for Tanaka at the individual level. Conclusions The results from our study do not support estimation of UNaV for children by the Kawasaki, INTERSALT, and Tanaka formulas using single spot urine samples because of the potential risk for misclassification at the individual level.
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