ArticleBMC neurology2019
The eagle jugular syndrome.
Article in BMC neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Compression Syndromes of the Stylohyoid Complex: Neural, Arterial, and Venous Phenotypes in a Dynamic Neurovascular Corridor.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2026Review
- Distal internal carotid artery dissection after carotid endarterectomy for a high cervical lesion suggesting an Eagle-like mechanism of shunt-related injury: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional relationship between the hyoid bone and the stylohyoid complex: a cone-beam computed tomography study introducing a novel angular parameter.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Eagle syndrome with bilateral stylohyoid ossification: a surgical case report with anatomical correlation.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- Demographic variation of styloid process morphology in panoramic radiography.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Internal Jugular Vein Entrapment: An Underrecognized Cause of Facial Pain.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- The Stylohyoid Complex: An Update on Its Embryology, Comparative Anatomy and Human Variations.Biology · 2025Review
- Anatomical Reasons for an Impaired Internal Jugular Flow.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Sternocleidomastoid Omohyoid Entrapment of the Internal Jugular Vein Causing Vertigo and Headaches.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2025Article
- Internal jugular vein compression: A benign entity or an underappreciated phenomenon?eNeurologicalSci · 2025Article
- The Role of Ultrasound Imaging in Evaluating Eagle’s Syndrome: A Case ReportCurrent medical imaging · 2025Article
- Eagle Syndrome, A Third Variant: Giant Styloid Processes, Pseudoarthrosis, and Unilateral Facial Spasms Progressing to Facial Paralysis.Case reports in otolaryngology · 2025Article
- Jugular Eagle Syndrome as a Rare Cause of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Case Report and Treatment Considerations.Journal of neuroendovascular therapy · 2025Article
- CTA-based risk assessment of the carotid variant of Eagle syndrome: development and internal validation of a nomogram.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Eagle jugular syndrome presenting with intracranial hypertension - Diagnosis and illustration of pathophysiology by multi-modality imaging.The neuroradiology journal · 2024Article
- Bilateral carotid dissection due to Eagle syndrome.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- The ligamentous cervical instability etiology of human disease from the forward head-facedown lifestyle: emphasis on obstruction of fluid flow into and out of the brain.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- "Winged" Eagle's syndrome: neurophysiological findings in a rare cause of spinal accessory nerve palsy. Illustrative cases.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2023Article
- Extreme lateral infracondylar approach for internal jugular vein compression syndrome: A case series with preliminary clinical outcomes.Acta neurochirurgica · 2023Article
- Spinning Through History: Evolution of the Concept of Vestibular Migraine.Otology & neurotology open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe elongation of the styloid process is historically associated with two variants of the Eagle syndrome. The classic one, mainly characterized by pain and dysphagia, and the carotid variant characterized by pain and sometimes by cerebral ischemia. We observed a further variant characterized by a styloid elongation coursing adjacent to the transverse process of C1, causing significant compression of the internal jugular vein.
methodsWe reviewed all the cases of Eagle syndrome, including the jugular variant, admitted in our Hospital in the last six years. We compared symptomatology, associated comorbidities and imaging. Data were statistically analyzed.
resultsOverall 23 patients were admitted to the Hospital for symptomatic elongation of the styloid process, 11 male and 12 females. The jugular variant of the Eagle syndrome is clinically delineated by significant differences, as compared to the classic variant and carotid variants. Headache was the more prominent symptom (p < .009) as well as a documented peri-mesencephalic hemorrhage was the more significant comorbidity (p < .0003). The group classic-carotid variant was characterized by ipsilateral pain respect to the jugular variant (p < .0003). CT angiography with venous phase extended to the neck veins and imaging reconstruction is highly recommended as imaging technique, complemented by color-Doppler ultrasound.
conclusionsThe elongation of the styloid process may have different paths which creates compression on the surrounding anatomical structures. There may be a possible association of jugular impingement by an elongated styloid process with symptoms.
trial registrationProtocol n°45-2013.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.