ArticleNeuroImage2020
Unification of optimal targeting methods in transcranial electrical stimulation.
Article in NeuroImage, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Outcome measures for electric field modeling in tES and TMS: A systematic review and large-scale modeling study.NeuroImage · 2023Pooled it
- Traveling-wave transcranial alternating current stimulation (twtACS) causally links neural timing to cognitive function.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Predicting neural responses to intra- and extra-cranial electric brain stimulation by means of the reciprocity theorem.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- A leadfield-free optimization framework for transcranially applied electric currents.Computers in biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Group optimization methods for dose planning in tES.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- On the need of individually optimizing temporal interference stimulation of human brains due to inter-individual variability.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Cell-specific effects of temporal interference stimulation on cortical function.Communications biology · 2024Article
- The ventromedial prefrontal cortex plays an important role in implicit emotion regulation: A focality-optimized multichannel tDCS study in anxiety individuals.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Perspectives on Optimized Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Based on Spatial Electric Field Modeling in Humans.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Insights from a model based study on optimizing non invasive brain electrical stimulation for Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Population-level insights into temporal interference for focused deep brain neuromodulation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Lattice layout and optimizer effect analysis for generating optimal transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) montages through the metaheuristic L1L1 method.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Bioelectromagnetism in Human Brain Research: New Applications, New Questions.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2023Review
- Article
- Personalized tDCS for Focal Epilepsy-A Narrative Review: A Data-Driven Workflow Based on Imaging and EEG Data.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- A Computational Modeling Study to Investigate the Use of Epicranial Electrodes to Deliver Interferential Stimulation to Subcortical Regions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Increasing the amplitude of intrinsic theta in the human brain.AIMS neuroscience · 2020Article
- On the need of individually optimizing temporal interference stimulation of human brains due to inter-individual variability.Brain stimulationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
One of the major questions in high-density transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is: given a region of interest (ROI) and electric current limits for safety, how much current should be delivered by each electrode for optimal targeting of the ROI? Several solutions, apparently unrelated, have been independently proposed depending on how "optimality" is defined and on how this optimization problem is stated mathematically. The least squares (LS), weighted LS (WLS), or reciprocity-based approaches are the simplest ones and have closed-form solutions. An extended optimization problem can be stated as follows: maximize the directional intensity at the ROI, limit the electric fields at the non-ROI, and constrain total injected current and current per electrode for safety. This problem requires iterative convex or linear optimization solvers. We theoretically prove in this work that the LS, WLS and reciprocity-based closed-form solutions are specific solutions to the extended directional maximization optimization problem. Moreover, the LS/WLS and reciprocity-based solutions are the two extreme cases of the intensity-focality trade-off, emerging under variation of a unique parameter of the extended directional maximization problem, the imposed constraint to the electric fields at the non-ROI. We validate and illustrate these findings with simulations on an atlas head model. The unified approach we present here allows a better understanding of the nature of the TES optimization problem and helps in the development of advanced and more effective targeting strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.