ArticleMolecular neurodegeneration2019
Synergistic effects of APOE and sex on the gut microbiome of young EFAD transgenic mice.
Article in Molecular neurodegeneration, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leveraging artificial intelligence for analysis of the gut microbiome for dementia diagnosis: a scoping review and discussion.Frontiers in dementia · 2026Pooled it
- What Are the Key Gut Microbiota Involved in Neurological Diseases? A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Review
- Does sex moderate health and Alzheimer's disease risk tied to early educational experiences? The reducing inequities through social and educational change follow-up in early adulthood extension study protocol.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The impact of APOE genotype, age, and sex on gut microbiota in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease: an exploration of their interactions.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- The APOE4-estrogen-microglia axis in perimenopausal cognitive changes: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role of Lipoprotein and Gut Microbiome in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Novel Findings and Potential Applications.Current Alzheimer research · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence empowers gut microbiota research in neurodegenerative diseases molecular mechanisms and precision therapy.iScience · 2025Review
- Article
- Shattering the Amyloid Illusion: The Microbial Enigma of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis-From Gut Microbiota and Viruses to Brain Biofilms.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Associations of diabetes mellitus with primary open angle glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease: a large cohort study in UK biobank.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Prenatal PMEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Do microbes play a role in Alzheimer's disease?Microbial biotechnology · 2024Article
- Vivaria housing conditions expose sex differences in brain oxidation, microglial activation, and immune system states in aged hAPOE4 mice.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Current understanding of the Alzheimer's disease-associated microbiome and therapeutic strategies.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- APOE2 Heterozygosity Reduces Hippocampal Soluble Amyloid-β42 Levels in Non-Hyperlipidemic Mice.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Physical Exercise as Disease-Modifying Alternative against Alzheimer's Disease: A Gut-Muscle-Brain Partnership.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Prebiotic inulin enhances gut microbial metabolism and anti-inflammation in apolipoprotein E4 mice with sex-specific implications.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disease.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for AD, increasing risk up to 15-fold compared to the common APOE3. Importantly, female (♀) APOE4 carriers have a greater risk for developing AD and an increased rate of cognitive decline compared to male (♂) APOE4 carriers. While recent evidence demonstrates that AD, APOE genotype, and sex affect the gut microbiome (GM), how APOE genotype and sex interact to affect the GM in AD remains unknown.
methodsThis study analyzes the GM of 4-month (4 M) ♂ and ♀ E3FAD and E4FAD mice, transgenic mice that overproduce amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) and express human APOE3
resultsSignificant differences in the EFAD GM were associated with APOE genotype and sex. Stratification by APOE + sex revealed that APOE-associated differences were exhibited in ♂EFAD and ♀EFAD mice, and sex-associated differences were exhibited in E3FAD and E4FAD mice. Specifically, the relative abundance of bacteria from the genera Prevotella and Ruminococcus was significantly higher in ♀E4FAD compared to ♀E3FAD, while the relative abundance of Sutterella was significantly higher in ♂E4FAD compared to ♂E3FAD. Based on 29 OTUs identified by the machine-learning algorithms, heatmap analysis revealed significant clustering of ♀E4FAD separate from other cohorts.
conclusionsThe results demonstrate that the 4 M EFAD GM is modulated by APOE + sex. Importantly, the effect of APOE4 on the EFAD GM is modulated by sex, a pattern similar to the greater AD pathology associated with ♀E4FAD. While this study demonstrates the importance of interactive effects of APOE + sex on the GM in young AD transgenic mice, changes associated with the development of pathology remain to be defined.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.