ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Sources and Determinants of Discretionary Food Intake in a Cohort of Australian Children Aged 12-14 Months.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- ORIGINS: Nutritional Profile of Children Aged One Year in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Factors influencing perceptions of processed baby foods and feeding practices among Indian mothers: a qualitative investigation.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Frequency and distribution of dietary energy, vegetable, fruit and discretionary food intakes in 18-month-old Australian children.The British journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Appetitive traits and food groups consumption in school-aged children: prospective associations from the Generation XXI birth cohort.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2023Article
- Caregiver feeding decisions and sociodemographic characteristics are associated with snack food intake during infancy and toddlerhood.Appetite · 2023Article
- Are Complementary Feeding Practices Aligned with Current Recommendations? A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Toddler foods and milks don't stack up against regular foods and milks.Nutrition journal · 2022Article
- The Nutritional Profile and On-Pack Marketing of Toddler-Specific Food Products Launched in Australia between 1996 and 2020.Nutrients · 2021Article
- The impact of maternal post-partum depressive symptoms on child diet at 18 months.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
- Early life and socio-economic determinants of dietary trajectories in infancy and early childhood - results from the HSHK birth cohort study.Nutrition journal · 2021Article
- Foods provided to children in family day care: an observational study.Public health nutrition · 2021Observational
- Digital Marketing of Commercial Complementary Foods in Australia: An Analysis of Brand Messaging.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Exploring Feeding Practices and Food Literacy in Parents with Young Children from Disadvantaged Areas.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Sources and Determinants of Wholegrain Intake in a Cohort of Australian Children Aged 12-14 Months.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Factors Influencing the Early Introduction of Sugar Sweetened Beverages among Infants: Findings from the HSHK Birth Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) birth cohort study: cohort profile.BMJ open · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite recommendations to the contrary, consumption of discretionary (energy-dense, nutrient-poor) foods begins for some children early in the weaning period, and the proportion of children consuming discretionary foods increases markedly in the second year of life. The purpose of this study was to determine intake and sources of discretionary foods in a cohort of 828 Australian toddlers (mean age: 13.1mo), and to identify determinants of discretionary food intake. At approximately 12 months of age, 3 non-consecutive days of dietary intake data were collected using a 24-h recall and 2-day food record, and the percentage total energy derived from discretionary foods was estimated. Linear regression was used to identify associations between discretionary food intake and socio-demographic determinants (mother's age, level of education, country of birth, pre-pregnancy body mass index, socioeconomic position, parity, age of child when mother returned to work, and child's sex) and age at which complementary foods were introduced. The average energy intake of children in this cohort was 4040 (±954.7 SD) kJ with discretionary foods contributing an average of 11.2% of total energy. Sweet biscuits, and cakes, muffins, scones and cake-type desserts contributed 10.8% and 10.2% of energy intake from discretionary foods, respectively. Other key contributors to energy intake from discretionary foods included sausages, frankfurters and saveloys (8.3%), vegetable products and dishes where frying was the main cooking technique (8.6%), butter (7.3%), and finally manufactured infant sweet or savory snack foods (9.3%). Higher intakes of discretionary food were associated with children having two or more siblings (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.