SynthesisMedicine2019
Hormone replacement therapy and lung cancer risk in women: a meta-analysis of cohort studies: Hormone replacement therapy and lung cancer risk.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Criterion Validity of a Consumer Wearable for Step Counting and Activity Intensity Classification in Adults With Lung Cancer: Laboratory-Based Validation Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Sex, hormones, and lung health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Comparing the Accuracy of Different Wearable Activity Monitors in Patients With Lung Cancer and Providing Initial Recommendations: Protocol for a Pilot Validation Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- An Insight into the Structure-activity Relationship of Benzimidazole and Pyrazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Age at first sexual intercourse, age at menarche, and age at menopause: a mendelian randomization study on lung cancer risk.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- Reproductive factors and risk of lung cancer among 300,000 Chinese female never-smokers: evidence from the China Kadoorie Biobank study.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Bioinformatics analysis of the prognostic role of alternative splicing data in lung adenocarcinoma.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Associations between Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Colorectal, Lung, or Melanoma Cancer Recurrence and Mortality: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Sex-specificity in Surgical Stages of Lung Cancer in Young Adults.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2023Article
- Endogenous sex hormones, aromatase activity and lung cancer risk in postmenopausal never-smoking women.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- The association between different hormone replacement therapy use and the incidence of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2022Article
- Hormonal Replacement Therapy and Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Women: A Meta-Epidemiological Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2021Article
- Role of sex hormones in lung cancer.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2021Review
- Hormone replacement therapy and cancer survival: a longitudinal cohort study: protocol paper.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Risk of lung cancer among women in relation to lifetime history of tobacco smoking: a population-based case-control study in France (the WELCA study).BMC cancer · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiscordant results about the causal relationship between hormone replacement therapy use (HRT) and lung cancer risk in women had been reported. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies to evaluate this association.
methodsThe PubMed and Embase databases were searched. Fixed- or random-effects model was used to pool the study-specific relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sensitivity analysis, publication bias, and subgroup analysis were performed.
resultsA total of 13 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Combined results indicated that compared with nonusers, women with HRT use were at a decreased risk (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99, I = 30.8%, P for heterogeneity = .137). In subgroup analysis by geographic area, smoking statue, type of hormones, and histology type of lung cancer, no significant association between HRT use and lung cancer was observed in most subgroups except in those studies which reported risk estimates adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, and other confounders (RR: 0.95, 95 CI: 0.91-0.99, I = 33.0%, P for heterogeneity = .214). Both Begg funnel plot and Egger test (P = .243) suggested no evidence for publication bias.
conclusionOur meta-analysis suggests ever use of HRT is associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer in women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.