ArticleEuropean heart journal2020
Does type 2 diabetes confer higher relative rates of cardiovascular events in women compared with men?
Article in European heart journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Productivity loss associated with type 2 diabetes in China: the trend and projection from 1990 to 2050.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction, Cardiovascular, and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Sex and gender-specific aspects in prediabetes and diabetes mellitus - Clinical recommendations (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Article
- Population-level productivity-adjusted life years lost in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong: a life table modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Current evidence on gender-related risk factors for type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a reappraisal of the Italian study group on gender difference in endocrine diseases.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Metabolically 'extremely unhealthy' obese and non-obese patients with diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular events: a French nationwide cohort study.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2024Article
- Sex differences in risk of incident microvascular and macrovascular complications: a population-based data-linkage study among 25 713 people with diabetes.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2024Article
- Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Women With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Following a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Article
- Sex and age significantly modulate cardiovascular disease presentation in type 2 diabetes: a large population-based cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, assessment and prevention.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2023Review
- Correlation of RETINAL Artery Diameter with Coronary Artery Disease: The RETINA CAD Pilot Study-Are the Eyes the Windows to the Heart?Cardiology and therapy · 2023Article
- Sex-Based Differences in Clinical Profile and Complications among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Seen at a Private Tertiary Diabetes Care Centre in India.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sex differences in type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2023Review
- Sexual dimorphism in mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes mellitus: evidence from a population-based cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Article
- Gender-associated cardiometabolic risk profiles and health behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) program.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- [Sex and gender-specific aspects in prediabetes and diabetes mellitus-clinical recommendations (Update 2023)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- Female is Associated with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Article
- Gender disparities in time-to-initiation of cardioprotective glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a Danish nationwide cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- The interplay between diabetes mellitus and menopause: clinical implications.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo investigate whether diabetes confers higher relative rates of cardiovascular events in women compared with men using contemporary data, and whether these sex-differences depend on age. METHODS AND
resultsAll Danish residents aged 40-89 years without a history major adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure, as of 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2016 were categorized by diabetes-status and characterized by individual-level linkage of Danish nationwide administrative registers. We used Poisson regression to calculate overall and age-dependent incidence rates, incidence rate ratios, and women-to-men ratios for myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischaemic stroke, or cardiovascular death (MACE-HF). Among 218 549 (46% women) individuals with diabetes, the absolute rate of MACE-HF was higher in men than in women (24.9 vs. 19.9 per 1000 person-years). Corresponding absolute rates in men and women without diabetes were 10.1 vs. 7.0 per 1000 person-years. Comparing individuals with and without diabetes, women had higher relative rates of MACE-HF than men [2.8 (confidence interval, CI 2.9-2.9) in women vs. 2.5 (CI 2.4-2.5) in men] with a women-to-men ratio of 1.15 (CI 1.11-1.19, P < 0.001). The relative rates of MACE-HF were highest in the youngest and decreased with advancing age for both men and women, but the relative rates were higher in women across all ages, with the highest women-to-men ratio between age 50 and 60 years.
conclusionAlthough men have higher absolute rates of cardiovascular complications, the relative rates of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes are higher in women than in men across all ages in the modern era.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.