ReviewNature microbiology2020
Effector-triggered immunity and pathogen sensing in metazoans.
Review in Nature microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed.
- Apoplast Engineering Unveiled: Multi-Target Strategies to Disarm Pathogens and Elevate Global Food Security.Plant, cell & environment · 2026Review
- Bacterial cell division protein FtsZ complexes with a phage protein to activate bacterial immunity.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- MORC3 represses a tandem repeat enhancer to regulate interferon.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Poxvirus attack of antiviral defense pathways unleashes an effector-triggered NF-κB response.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- TAK1 integrates the NLRP1 inflammasome into the innate immune response to double-stranded RNA.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A binary-distributed effector modulates fungal host preference for drosophilids by targeting a lineage-specific immune factor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Shigella type-III secretion system effectors counteract the induction of host inflammation and cell death.The EMBO journal · 2025Article
- Epigenetic silencing of interleukin-10 by host-derived oxidized phospholipids supports a lethal inflammatory response to infections.Immunity · 2025Article
- Patterns of pathogenesis in innate immunity: insights from C. elegans.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- The interplay between host immunity andmBio · 2025Review
- Biological and clinical implications of a model of surveillance immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- African swine fever virus infection enhances CD14-dependent phagocytosis of porcine alveolar macrophages to promote bacterial uptake and apoptotic body-mediated viral transmission.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Defining neuronal responses to the neurotropic parasitemSphere · 2025Article
- Evolutionarily ancient functions of enzymatic TIR proteins in innate immunity.Trends in immunology · 2025Review
- NAD World 3.0: the importance of the NMN transporter and eNAMPT in mammalian aging and longevity control.npj aging · 2025Review
- Fungal evasion ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Guards and decoys: RIPoptosome and inflammasome pathway regulators of bacterial effector-triggered immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Comparative transcriptome profiling of the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia reveals sexually dimorphic gene expression in a murine model of coronavirus-induced neurodegeneration.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Potential of Scorpion-Venom-Derived Peptides.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Microbial pathogens possess an arsenal of strategies to invade their hosts, evade immune defences and promote infection. In particular, bacteria use virulence factors, such as secreted toxins and effector proteins, to manipulate host cellular processes and establish a replicative niche. Survival of eukaryotic organisms in the face of such challenge requires host mechanisms to detect and counteract these pathogen-specific virulence strategies. In this Review, we focus on effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in metazoan organisms as a mechanism for pathogen sensing and distinguishing pathogenic from non-pathogenic microorganisms. For the purposes of this Review, we adopt the concept of ETI formulated originally in the context of plant pathogens and their hosts, wherein specific host proteins 'guard' central cellular processes and trigger inflammatory responses following pathogen-driven disruption of these processes. While molecular mechanisms of ETI are well-described in plants, our understanding of functionally analogous mechanisms in metazoans is still emerging. In this Review, we present an overview of ETI in metazoans and discuss recently described cellular processes that are guarded by the host. Although all pathogens manipulate host pathways, we focus primarily on bacterial pathogens and highlight pathways of effector-triggered immune defence that sense disruption of core cellular processes by pathogens. Finally, we discuss recent developments in our understanding of how pathogens can evade ETI to overcome these host adaptations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.