ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2020
Evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,263 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1,263 citing papers in PubMed, 2,397 citations in OpenAlex.
- CRISPR/Cas Systems: Biological Basis and Genome Editing Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Review
- CRISPR-Cas immune repertoires as an ecological record of bacterial interactions with mobile genetic elements in the human gut.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Cas10 residues lining the target RNA binding channel regulate interference by distinguishing cognate target RNA from mismatched targets.RNA biology · 2026Article
- Efficient PE system PE7-scFv-MLH1dn by optimizing the configuration of La and MLH1dn.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Article
- AcrSeek: metric learning with hybrid negative mining for anti-CRISPR protein detection under extreme class imbalance.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- How bacterial immune systems sense phage infection.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Toward transgenic multicellular parasites: CRISPR-Cas12a germline editing ofScience advances · 2026Article
- CRISPR-Cas and Infectious Diseases: A Decade of Translational Advances in Molecular Biotechnology.Biochemical genetics · 2026Review
- BaCas12a3 represents a new subtype of type V CRISPR effector with collateral activity toward tRNA.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Bacteriophage-bacteria coevolution: from molecular arms races to ecological and applied perspectives.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- A Dual-Plasmid CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing System for Efficient Gene Knockout and Large DNA Integration inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- CRISPRing through time: How cutting-edge technology is revolutionizing life sciences and medicine.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas12a-based biosensors for heavy metal analysis: a review of signal readout strategies and analytical performance.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Review
- Genome Editing in Solanaceae: Harnessing CRISPR-Cas Technology for Precision Crop Improvement.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Synergistic engineering of Casδ nuclease for robust genome editing.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2026Article
- Antiviral defence is a conserved function of diverse bacterial DNA glycosylases.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- MtvS1 and MtvS2 Interact with RNA polymerase to regulate the Francisella type V-A CRISPR-Cas system.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Draft genome sequence ofMicrobiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- From Cloning Vectors to Phage Display: Engineering Principles and Translational Applications of Bacteriophage Display Platforms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
1,203 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 16 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The number and diversity of known CRISPR-Cas systems have substantially increased in recent years. Here, we provide an updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems and cas genes, with an emphasis on the major developments that have occurred since the publication of the latest classification, in 2015. The new classification includes 2 classes, 6 types and 33 subtypes, compared with 5 types and 16 subtypes in 2015. A key development is the ongoing discovery of multiple, novel class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems, which now include 3 types and 17 subtypes. A second major novelty is the discovery of numerous derived CRISPR-Cas variants, often associated with mobile genetic elements that lack the nucleases required for interference. Some of these variants are involved in RNA-guided transposition, whereas others are predicted to perform functions distinct from adaptive immunity that remain to be characterized experimentally. The third highlight is the discovery of numerous families of ancillary CRISPR-linked genes, often implicated in signal transduction. Together, these findings substantially clarify the functional diversity and evolutionary history of CRISPR-Cas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.