ArticleThe oncologist2020
A Pilot Feasibility Study of Yttrium-90 Liver Radioembolization Followed by Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in Patients with Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.
Article in The oncologist, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Efficacy and Safety of Durvalumab and Tremelimumab with Concomitant Treatment for MSS/pMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Single Arm Meta-Analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Combining with immunotherapy is an emerging trend for local treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.The oncologist · 2024Pooled it
- Pilot Clinical Trial of Perioperative Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in the Treatment of Resectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021Trial
- Multipathway pharmacological interventions targeting liver-derived immune resistance in colorectal cancer liver metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of the tumor microenvironment in mediating radiopharmaceutical therapy: bridging nuclear medicine and cancer immunotherapy.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Role of immunotherapy in the overall survival of gastrointestinal cancer patients with liver metastases.Hepatic oncology · 2024Article
- Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Locoregional therapies combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors for liver metastases.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Liver metastasis and resistance to immunotherapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. A literature review.Ecancermedicalscience · 2024Review
- Redefining the battle against colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review of emerging immunotherapies and their clinical efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in cold colorectal cancer: challenges and strategies.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Review
- Liver-Directed Therapy Combined with Systemic Therapy: Current Status and Future Directions.Seminars in interventional radiology · 2023Review
- Targeting Liver Metastases to Potentiate Immunotherapy in MS-Stable Colorectal Cancer-A Review of the Literature.Cancers · 2023Review
- Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibition: a future guided by radiology.The British journal of radiology · 2023Review
- Radiopharmaceuticals heat anti-tumor immunity.Theranostics · 2023Review
- Role of Transhepatic Arterial Radioembolization in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2022Review
- IFNγ signaling integrity in colorectal cancer immunity and immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
lessons learnedRadioembolization with yttrium-90 resin microspheres can be combined safely with full doses of durvalumab and tremelimumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Regional radioembolization with yttrium-90 resin microspheres did not result in any hepatic or extrahepatic responses to a combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab. The lack of immunomodulatory responses to yttrium-90 on biopsies before and after treatment rules out a potential role for this strategy in converting a "cold tumor" into an "inflamed," immune responsive tumor.
backgroundPD-1 inhibitors have been ineffective in microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Preclinical models suggest that radiation therapy may sensitize MSS CRC to PD-1 blockade.
methodsPatients with MSS metastatic CRC with liver-predominant disease who progressed following at least one prior line of treatment were treated with yttrium-90 (Y90) radioembolization to the liver (SIR-Spheres; Sirtex, Woburn, MA) followed 2-3 weeks later by the combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab. A Simon two-stage design was implemented, with a planned expansion to 18 patients if at least one response was noted in the first nine patients.
resultsNine patients enrolled in the first stage of the study, all with progressive disease (PD) during or after their first two cycles of treatment. Per preplanned design, the study was closed because of futility. No treatment-related grade 3 or greater toxicities were recorded. Correlative studies with tumor biopsies showed low levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) infiltration in tumor cancer islands before and after Y90 radioembolization.
conclusionY90 radioembolization can be added safely to durvalumab and tremelimumab but did not promote tumor-directed immune responses against liver-metastasized MSS CRC.
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Registered trials
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