SynthesisPLoS neglected tropical diseases2019
Seroprevalence estimates for toxocariasis in people worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 201 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global seroprevalence of Toxocara infection in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of a neglected parasitic threat.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Global Seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Acta parasitologica · 2024Pooled it
- Seroprevalence ofInfectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Dog and Cat Contact as Risk Factor for Human Toxocariasis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Article
- Human and Canine Seropositivity toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Anti-International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Pathogens Associated with Domestic Cats (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Insights into the seroprevalence ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Pulmonary toxocariasis presenting as migratory pulmonary infiltrates and mediastinal lymphadenopathy: a case report and literature review.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Review
- Retinal Granuloma Progression After Scleral Buckling in Ocular Toxocariasis: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma masquerading as a liver abscess: a case report highlighting a diagnostic challenge.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- Toxocariasis in immigrants and travelers with unexplained eosinophilia.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence and Risk Factors ofVeterinary medicine international · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic vulnerability associated with toxocariasis exposure in southern Brazil: a One Health approach.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Beyond the clinical eye: mapping intestinal parasitic infections and its risk factors among dogs and cats across Portugal.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- High toxocariasis seroprevalence in a tri-border indigenous community (Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina): A One Health perspective.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman toxocariasis is an important neglected disease. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis study to estimate the global and regional prevalence of anti-Toxocara serum antibodies (referred to as 'T-seroprevalence') in human populations around the world.
methodsWe searched five international databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SciELO and Scopus) for seroprevalence studies published from 1 January 1980 to 15 March 2019. We used random effect models to calculate the overall T-seroprevalence (with 95% CIs) in all six WHO regions and worldwide. We also conducted subgroup and linear meta-regression analyses to evaluate the impact of socio-demographic, geographical and climatic parameters on seroprevalence.
resultsWe identified 250 eligible studies (253 datasets) comprising 265,327 participants in 71 countries for inclusion in the present meta-analysis. The estimated global T-seroprevalence rate was 19.0% (95%CI, 16.6-21.4%; 62,927/265,327); seroprevalence was highest in the African region (37.7%; 25.7-50.6%) and lowest in the Eastern Mediterranean region (8.2%; 5.1-12.0%). The pooled seroprevalence for other WHO regions was 34.1% (20.2-49.4%) in the South-East Asia; 24.2% (16.0-33.5%) in the Western Pacific; 22.8% (19.7-26.0%) in the American; and 10.5% (8.5-12.8%) in the European regions. A significantly higher T-seroprevalence was associated with a lower income level; lower human development index (HDI); lower latitude; higher humidity; higher temperature; and higher precipitation (P-value < 0.001). Potential risk factors associated with seropositivity to Toxocara included male gender; living in a rural area; young age; close contact with dogs, cats or soil; consumption of raw meat; and the drinking of untreated water.
conclusionsThe present findings indicate high levels of infection with, or exposure to Toxocara spp. in many countries, which calls for increased attention to human toxocariasis and improved measures to prevent adverse health risks of this disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.