ReviewThe Journal of international medical research2020
Protective effects of increased outdoor time against myopia: a review.
Review in The Journal of international medical research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of virtual reality-based visual training for myopia control in children: a randomized controlled trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of low-concentration atropine (0.01%) eye drops for prevention of axial myopic progression in premyopes.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Trial
- Global research trends of myopia in children and adolescents: A bibliometric review with hotspot visualization.Medicine · 2026Review
- Influence of light on myopia-a review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Childhood myopia in the modern environment: modifiable risk factors and evidence-based prevention.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Beyond refractive error: myopia's exponential burden on retinal health with each diopter.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- A Personal Scientific Journey in Ophthalmology: Twenty-Five Years of Translating Research into Novel Therapies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Interpretation of expert consensus on the application of low-concentration atropine eye drops in the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.Pediatric investigation · 2025Article
- Topical Dopamine Application on Form-Deprivation Myopia in Rabbits.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring the influences of myopia in primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang using propensity score matching.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors influencing overweight/obesity and poor vision in children and adolescents before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in a city in Sichuan Province.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Myopia in Children: Epidemiology, Genetics, and Emerging Therapies for Treatment and Prevention.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Media Device Use and Vision Disorders in the Pediatric Age: The State of the Art.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Blue light stimulation of the blind spot in human: from melanopsin to clinically relevant biomarkers of myopia.Bioelectronic medicine · 2024Review
- Association between weekend catch-up outdoor duration and prevalence of myopia: evidence from a cross-sectional, multi-center study in China.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Bi-Gaussian analysis reveals distinct education-related alterations in spherical equivalent and axial length-results from the Gutenberg Health Study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Regional disparities in the prevalence and correlated factors of myopia in children and adolescents in Gansu, China.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Advances in myopia prevention strategies for school-aged children: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Controlling Onset and Progression of Myopia-a Review.International journal of medical sciences · 2023Review
- Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school students in Shenyang, China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Myopia has become a major cause for concern globally, particularly in East Asian countries. The increasing prevalence of myopia has been associated with a high socioeconomic burden owing to severe ocular complications that may occur with progressive myopia. There is an urgent need to identify effective and safe measures to address the growing number of people with myopia in the general population. Among the numerous strategies implemented to slow the progression of myopia, longer time spent outdoors has come to be recognized as a protective factor against this disorder. Although our understanding of the protective effects of outdoor time has increased in the past decade, considerably more research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action. Here, we summarize the main potential factors associated with the protective effects against myopia of increased outdoor time, namely, exposure to elevated levels and shorter wavelengths of light, and increased dopamine and vitamin D levels. In this review, we aimed to identify safe and effective therapeutic interventions to prevent myopia-related complications and vision loss.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.