ArticleEndocrine2020
Evaluation of endocrine complications in beta-thalassemia intermedia (β-TI): a cross-sectional multicenter study.
Article in Endocrine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Iron overload disorders in adults: a comprehensive review of gonadal function, reproductive, and sexual health.Human reproduction update · 2026Pooled it
- Osteoporosis in children and adolescents with transfusion-dependent thalassemia and the diagnostic value of different indicators.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Hypoparathyroidism in adults with iron overload diseases (IOD): evidence of a subclinical phenotype.Endocrine · 2025Article
- HbA1c or fructosamine on evaluating glucose intolerance in children with beta- thalassemia.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- New Entity-Thalassemic Endocrine Disease: Major Beta-Thalassemia and Endocrine Involvement.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major in the Southeast of Iran.International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research · 2022Article
- Good Clinical Practice of the Italian Society of Thalassemia and Haemoglobinopathies (SITE) for the Management of Endocrine Complications in Patients with Haemoglobinopathies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Final Height and Endocrine Complications in Patients with β-Thalassemia Intermedia: Our Experience in Non-Transfused Versus Infrequently Transfused Patients and Correlations with Liver Iron Content.Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Iron Overload in a Patient with Non-Transfusion-Dependent Hemoglobin H Disease and Borderline Serum Ferritin: Can We Rely on Serum Ferritin for Monitoring in This Group of Patients?Case reports in oncologyArticle
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 13 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundData on the prevalence and type of endocrine disorders in β-thalassemia intermedia (β-TI) patients are scarce. This multicenter study was designed to determine the prevalence of endocrine complications and the associated risk factors in a large group of β-TI patients.
methodsIn this cross-sectional multicenter study, 726 β-TI patients, aged 2.5-80 years, registered at 12 thalassemic centers, from nine countries, were enrolled during 2017. In a subgroup of 522 patients (mean age 30.8 ± 12.1; range: 2.5-80 years) from Qatar, Iran, Oman, Cyprus, and Jordan detailed data were available.
resultsOverall, the most prevalent complications were osteopenia/osteoporosis (22.3%), hypogonadism (10.1%), and primary hypothyroidism (5.3%). In the subgroup multivariate analysis, older age was a risk factor for osteoporosis (Odds ratio: 7.870, 95% CI: 4.729-13.099, P < 0.001), hypogonadism (Odds ratio: 6.310, 95% CI: 2.944-13.521, P < 0.001), and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM; Odds ratio: 17.67, 95% CI: 2.217-140.968, P = 0.007). Splenectomy was a risk factor for osteoporosis (Odds ratio: 1.736, 95% CI: 1.012-2.977, P = 0.045). Hydroxyurea was identified as a "protective factor" for NIDDM (Odds ratio: 0.259, 95% CI: 0.074-0.902, P = 0.034).
conclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of β-TI patients with endocrine disorders evaluated in extremely heterogenic thalassemic populations for age, clinical, hematological, and molecular composition. The study demonstrates that endocrine complications are less common in patients with β-TI compared with β-TM patients. However, regular monitoring with timely diagnosis and proper management is crucial to prevent endocrine complications in β-TI patients.
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