Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31853717›Full record

SynthesisNeuropsychology review2020

A Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Data-Driven Cognitive Subtypes across the Psychosis Spectrum.

Melissa J Green, Leah Girshkin, Kyle Kremerskothen, Oliver Watkeys, Yann Quidé

Open access · greenAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neuropsychology review, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
8.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Cognitive subtypes in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025
    Article
  17. Bipolar disorder.Lancet (London, England) · 2025
    Review
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  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Melissa J GreenSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. melissa.green@unsw.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0002-9361-4874
Leah GirshkinSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Kyle KremerskothenSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Oliver WatkeysSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Yann QuidéSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
UNSW Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The delineation of cognitive subtypes of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may offer a means of determining shared genetic markers and neuropathology among individuals with these conditions. We systematically reviewed the evidence from published studies reporting the use of data-driven (i.e., unsupervised) clustering methods to delineate cognitive subtypes among adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. We reviewed 24 studies in total, contributing data to 13 analyses of schizophrenia spectrum patients, 8 analyses of bipolar disorder, and 5 analyses of mixed samples of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder participants. Studies of bipolar disorder most consistently revealed a 3-cluster solution, comprising a subgroup with 'near-normal' (cognitively spared) cognition and two other subgroups demonstrating graded deficits across cognitive domains. In contrast, there was no clear consensus regarding the number of cognitive subtypes among studies of cognitive subtypes in schizophrenia, while four of the five studies of mixed diagnostic groups reported a 4-cluster solution. Common to all cluster solutions was a severe cognitive deficit subtype with cognitive impairments of moderate to large effect size relative to healthy controls. Our review highlights several key factors (e.g., symptom profile, sample size, statistical procedures, and cognitive domains examined) that may influence the results of data-driven clustering methods, and which were largely inconsistent across the studies reviewed. This synthesis of findings suggests caution should be exercised when interpreting the utility of particular cognitive subtypes for biological investigation, and demonstrates much heterogeneity among studies using unsupervised clustering approaches to cognitive subtyping within and across the psychosis spectrum.

Indexed as

AdultBipolar DisorderCognitionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaSchizophrenic PsychologyBipolar disorderCluster analysisCognitionEndophenotypesLatent class analysisNeuropsychologySchizophreniaUnsupervised clustering

Identifiers

PMID31853717
OpenAlexW2995811312

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.