ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2020
Exhaustion and senescence: two crucial dysfunctional states of T cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 240 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
240 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A meta-analysis of experimentally validated neo-epitopes: patterns, biases, and opportunities.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant or concurrent atezolizumab with chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer: a randomized phase I trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Tofacitinib blocks IFN-regulated biomarker genes in skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes in a systemic sclerosis trial.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- Current landscape and emerging trends of PD-1/PD-L1 research in prostate cancer: A data-driven atlas from multidatabase integration.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Platelet-derived microparticles induce CD8Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Overcoming T cell exhaustion and senescence in CAR T cell therapy for solid tumors.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- T cell senescence and exhaustion: molecular mechanisms and immune rejuvenation for cancer immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- NADAging cell · 2026Article
- Article
- ST6GAL1 Glycoengineering Rewires Cytokine Signaling and Preserves Metabolic Fitness in CAR-T Cells Under Galectin-3-Mediated Immunosuppression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis-immune microenvironment crosstalk: emerging mechanisms and immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- IL4Rα blockade inhibits proliferation of malignant lymphocytes and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of mycosis fungoides.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Tumor-microenvironment-modulating microspheres to augment tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy against solid tumors.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Pre-Encoded IFN-I Sensitivity Exacerbates Memory T Cell Senescence in Solid Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Immunocyte senescence: A new perspective on the remodeling of the ovarian cancer microenvironment and therapeutic intervention.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Genotype epigenome phenotype integration reveals peripheral immune contributions to type I bipolar disorder.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A novel combination for in vivo breast cancer treatment: TAK1 inhibition combined with metformin and Lentinula edodes compounds synergistically reinvigorates CD8Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Identification of prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapy response predictors in lung adenocarcinoma: integrative Mendelian randomization and machine learning analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveals ADRB1 as a key immune checkpoint regulating T cell exhaustion in lung cancer and its prognostic value in lung cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
180 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The failure of a massive influx of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes to eradicate tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment is mainly due to the dysfunction of T cells hyporesponsive to tumors. T-cell exhaustion and senescence induced by malignant tumors are two important dysfunctional states that coexist in cancer patients, hindering effective antitumor immunity and immunotherapy and sustaining the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Although exhausted and senescent T cells share a similar dysfunctional role in antitumor immunity, they are distinctly different in terms of generation, development, and metabolic and molecular regulation during tumor progression. Here, we discuss the unique phenotypic and functional characteristics of these two types of dysfunctional T cells and their roles in tumor development and progression. In addition, we further discuss the potential molecular and metabolic signaling pathways responsible for the control of T-cell exhaustion and senescence in the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Understanding these critical and fundamental features should facilitate rethinking the unresponsiveness to current immunotherapies in clinical patients and lead to further development of novel and effective strategies that target different types of dysfunctional T cells to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.