ArticleScientific reports2019
Ganglioside GM2, highly expressed in the MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line, is correlated with growth, invasion, and advanced stage.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic Salvage and Acyl-chain Remodeling Support Glycosphingolipid Synthesis within the PDAC Tumor Microenvironment.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ganglioside GM2 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells in a MEK/ERK/Egr1-dependent transcriptional program.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Unraveling the glyco-immunity nexus in pancreatic cancer.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Multiplexed glycan immunofluorescence identification of pancreatic cancer cell subpopulations in both tumor and blood samples.Science advances · 2025Article
- 4-Phenylbutyric acid mitigates ER stress-induced neurodegeneration in the spinal cords of a GM2 gangliosidosis mouse model.Human molecular genetics · 2025Article
- An Optimized Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Ganglioside Analysis in Cell Lines.Cells · 2024Article
- Emerging role of MAPK signaling in glycosphingolipid-associated tumorigenesis.Glycoconjugate journal · 2024Review
- Multiplexed Glycan Immunofluorescence Identification of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Subpopulations in Both Tumor and Blood Samples.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Current state-of-the-art on ganglioside-mediated immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2023Review
- Glycolysis regulates KRAS plasma membrane localization and function through defined glycosphingolipids.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The cancer glycocode as a family of diagnostic biomarkers, exemplified by tumor-associated gangliosides.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Multi-dimensional role of gangliosides in modulating cancer hallmarks and their prospects in targeted cancer therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Artificial intelligence-based analysis of time-lapse images of sphere formation and process of plate adhesion and spread of pancreatic cancer cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- TGF-β1 increases cellular invasion of colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma cell line through partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2022Article
- Epithelial and Mesenchymal Features of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines in Two- and Three-Dimensional Cultures.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- ADAR1-mediated RNA editing links ganglioside catabolism to glioblastoma stem cell maintenance.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- A novel ganglioside-related risk signature can reveal the distinct immune landscape of neuroblastoma and predict the immunotherapeutic response.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Sphingolipid metabolism in the development and progression of cancer: one cancer's help is another's hindrance.Molecular oncology · 2021Review
- Functionality of the putative surface glycoproteins of the Wuhan spiny eel influenza virus.Nature communications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gangliosides, a group of glycosphingolipids, are known to be cell surface markers and functional factors in several cancers. However, the association between gangliosides and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been well elucidated. In this study, we examined the expression and roles of ganglioside GM2 in PDAC. GM2+ cells showed a higher growth rate than GM2- cells in the adherent condition. When GM2- and GM2+ cells were cultured three-dimensionally, almost all cells in the spheres expressed GM2, including cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells. A glycolipid synthesis inhibitor reduced GM2 expression and TGF-β1 signaling in these CSC-like cells, presumably by inhibiting the interaction between GM2 and TGFβ RII and suppressing invasion. Furthermore, suppression of GM2 expression by MAPK inhibition also reduced TGF-β1 signaling and suppressed invasion. GM2+ cells formed larger subcutaneous tumors at a high incidence in nude mice than did GM2- cells. In PDAC cases, GM2 expression was significantly associated with younger age, larger tumor size, advanced stage and higher histological grade. These findings suggest that GM2 could be used as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for PDAC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.