ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Unexpected intracellular biodegradation and recrystallization of gold nanoparticles.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Folate-targeted gold nanoparticles for doxorubicin delivery in tumor spheroids.Drug delivery · 2026Article
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- Rare-Earth Nanomaterials for Advanced Theranostics of Atherosclerosis.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Review
- pH-Dependent Silica Nanoshell Degradation Influences SERRS Enhancement in Biological Environments.ACS measurement science au · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Cartilage Repair After Implantation of Labeled Human Chondrocytes as Free Cells or Spheroids in Rabbit Knees.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Design and characterization of in situ cell-penetrating multi-modal gadolinium-gold nanoparticles for MR and CT imaging.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Taming the Immiscibility of Gold, Iron, and Boron to Craft Chemodegradable Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging and Radiotherapy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Biodegradable Aurum: Gold Nanosheets Undergo Biodegradation by Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase.Small science · 2026Article
- A worm-like nucleic acid nanostructure for gene delivery and endosomal escape via ClC3 ion exchanger.Science advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Biological Safety Analysis of Nanoparticles: Exploring Toxicity, Mechanisms, and Safety Factors for Pharmaceuticals.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Medical importance and pharmacokinetics of gold nanoparticles in the human body.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- pH-Responsive Self-Assembly of Renal-Clearable Nanoparticles in the Kidneys: One Assembly per Endosome.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Multiphoton Luminescence Imaging: A Label-Free Tool for Visualizing the Long-Term Fate of Gold Nanoparticles in Tissue.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Multivariate Screening and Automated Clustering of Macrophage Immunoreactome to Nanoparticles and Photothermal Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Design Principles Of Inorganic-Protein Hybrid Materials for Biomedicine.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Optimized chelator and nanoparticle strategies for high-activityEJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2024Article
- Hydrogel encapsulating gold nanoparticles for targeted delivery of nitroglycerin to reduce post-cardiac dysfunction inflammation by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Silk Foams with Metallic Nanoparticles as Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Peptide-coated DNA nanostructures as a platform for control of lysosomal function in cells.Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996) · 2024Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are used in an expanding spectrum of biomedical applications. However, little is known about their long-term fate in the organism as it is generally admitted that the inertness of gold nanoparticles prevents their biodegradation. In this work, the biotransformations of gold nanoparticles captured by primary fibroblasts were monitored during up to 6 mo. The combination of electron microscopy imaging and transcriptomics study reveals an unexpected 2-step process of biotransformation. First, there is the degradation of gold nanoparticles, with faster disappearance of the smallest size. This degradation is mediated by NADPH oxidase that produces highly oxidizing reactive oxygen species in the lysosome combined with a cell-protective expression of the nuclear factor, erythroid 2. Second, a gold recrystallization process generates biomineralized nanostructures consisting of 2.5-nm crystalline particles self-assembled into nanoleaves. Metallothioneins are strongly suspected to participate in buildings blocks biomineralization that self-assembles in a process that could be affected by a chelating agent. These degradation products are similar to aurosomes structures revealed 50 y ago in vivo after gold salt therapy. Overall, we bring to light steps in the lifecycle of gold nanoparticles in which cellular pathways are partially shared with ionic gold, revealing a common gold metabolism.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.