ReviewLancet (London, England)2020
The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health.
Review in Lancet (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04915638 (Evaluation of Nutritional Status in Chimalhuacán Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 493 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Nutritional Status in Chimalhuacán Children: Anthropometric, Biochemical, and Molecular Approaches
Who cites it
493 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 865 citations in OpenAlex.
- Double Burden of Malnutrition Prevalence in Pregnant Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence, trends and inequalities of childhood undernutrition according to a Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Obesity and Its Association With Micronutrient Deficiency Among Mexican Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Effective Implementation Strategies for Delivering Nutritional Interventions through the Health System to Prevent Malnutrition during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Impacts of rising food prices on nutritional outcomes and mortality of children in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Diagnostic and application guidelines for malnutrition in adult patients (2025 edition).Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Guideline
- Gut microbiome-based interventions for the management of obesity in children and adolescents aged up to 19 years.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of overweight and obesity in incarcerated individuals in developed and developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Pregnancy diet based on ancestral patterns increases growth in subcortical fetal brain regions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effect of double duty interventions on the frequency of morbidity among adolescents in Debre Berhan Regiopolitan City, Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Effect of double duty interventions on dietary diversity score of adolescents using a cluster randomized controlled trial in Debre Berhan Regiopolitan City, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Human fecal transplantation from stunted children promotes metabolic dysfunction in mice fed with a high-fat and high-fructose corn syrup diet.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- South Asia's cardiometabolic burden: exposomal determinants of a health transition.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Developing the NOMI framework for food and nutrition security in a climate-exposed delta: qualitative evidence from the Indian Sundarbans.Dialogues in health · 2026Article
- Minimum Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors Among 6-23 Months Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Humans are not unique: difficult birth is common in placental mammals.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Food insecurity and cardiometabolic diseases among people with HIV in West Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of Central Asia Stunting Initiative on Stunting and Anemia Among Children and Women of Afghanistan.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Microbiome-Guided Maternal and Child Nutrition: A Structured Narrative Review of Indigenous African Foods, Fermented Foods, and Emerging Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
433 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Malnutrition has historically been researched and addressed within two distinct silos, focusing either on undernutrition, food insecurity, and micronutrient deficiencies, or on overweight, obesity, and dietary excess. However, through rapid global nutrition transition, an increasing proportion of individuals are exposed to different forms of malnutrition during the life course and have the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) directly. Long-lasting effects of malnutrition in early life can be attributed to interconnected biological pathways, involving imbalance of the gut microbiome, inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and impaired insulin signalling. Life-course exposure to early undernutrition followed by later overweight increases the risk of non-communicable disease, by imposing a high metabolic load on a depleted capacity for homoeostasis, and in women increases the risk of childbirth complications. These life-course trajectories are shaped both by societal driving factors-ie, rapidly changing diets, norms of eating, and physical activity patterns-and by broader ecological factors such as pathogen burden and extrinsic mortality risk. Mitigation of the DBM will require major societal shifts regarding nutrition and public health, to implement comprehensive change that is sustained over decades, and scaled up into the entire global food system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.