ArticleBMC research notes2019
Gulf War Illness-associated increases in blood levels of interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein: biomarker evidence of inflammation.
Article in BMC research notes, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- The Interleukin Network in Sepsis: From Cytokine Storm to Clinical Applications.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Age- and sex-associated effects of C18 ceramide sphingolipids on osteoclastogenesis in experimental models of Gulf War Illness.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Article
- Gulf War Illness, Fibromyalgia, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Long COVID Overlap in Common Symptoms and Underlying Biological Mechanisms: Implications for Future Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Navigating Psychiatric Concerns in a Veteran Reporting Gulf War Illness: A Case Report.The Permanente journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Exposure to Gulf war illness-related chemicals exacerbates alcohol-induced liver damage in rodents.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Double-Humanized Mouse Model for Studying Host Gut Microbiome-Immune Interactions in Gulf War Illness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exposure to Gulf war illness-related chemicals exacerbates alcohol- induced liver damage in rodents.Research square · 2024Article
- Exposing the latent phenotype of Gulf War Illness: examination of the mechanistic mediators of cognitive dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Mitochondrial impairment but not peripheral inflammation predicts greater Gulf War illness severity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Exercise-induced changes in gene expression do not mediate post exertional malaise in Gulf War illness.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Chemical exposures and suspected impact on Gulf War Veterans.Military Medical Research · 2023Article
- Whole-body inhalation of nano-sized carbon black: a surrogate model of military burn pit exposure.BMC research notes · 2022Article
- Host gut resistome in Gulf War chronic multisymptom illness correlates with persistent inflammation.Communications biology · 2022Article
- The impact of neurotoxicant exposures on posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories: The Ft. Devens Gulf War Veterans Cohort.Journal of traumatic stress · 2022Article
- Article
- Restorative potential of (-)-epicatechin in a rat model of Gulf War illness muscle atrophy and fatigue.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Experimental respiratory exposure to putative Gulf War toxins promotes persistent alveolar macrophage recruitment and pulmonary inflammation.Life sciences · 2021Article
- Neuroimmune mechanisms of cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Gulf War illness.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveGulf War Illness is a chronic multisymptom disorder severely impacting the health and well-being of many Veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War. Symptoms that define the disease include pain, fatigue, mood and memory impairments, gastrointestinal problems, lung disorders, and skin rashes. In our previous biomarker study, we discovered Gulf War Illness-associated proinflammatory blood biomarkers. Therefore, we hypothesized that chronic inflammation causes the symptoms that define this disorder. Testing the chronic inflammation hypothesis is the objective of this study.
resultsThe biomarker fingerprint of Gulf War Illness is the end-product of a cascade of proinflammatory cytokine signals. In particular, the observed increase in C-reactive protein predicts a corresponding increase in interleukin 6, the cytokine that stimulates hepatocytes to produce C-reactive protein. Therefore, in this study we measured potential upstream cytokine signals in plasma samples from Gulf War Veterans. As predicted, a positive correlation between interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein was observed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.