ArticleSpine2020
US Trends of Opioid-use Disorders and Associated Factors Among Hospitalized Patients With Spinal Conditions and Treatment From 2005 to 2014.
Article in Spine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medical Cannabis and Its Efficacy/Effectiveness for the Treatment of Low-Back Pain: a Systematic Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2023Pooled it
- Post-operative opioid utilization after surgery for spinal trauma: a retrospective study at a level 1 trauma center.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2025Article
- Effect of Preoperative Marijuana on Patient Outcomes and Opioid Use after Lumbar Decompression.Global spine journal · 2025Article
- The Associations Between Opioid Use Disorder and Healthcare-Related Outcomes in Vaso-occlusive Crisis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Cannabis Use Disorder Is Associated With Longer In-Hospital Lengths of Stay, Higher Rates of Medical Complications, and Costs of Care Following Primary 1- to 2-Level Lumbar Fusion.Global spine journal · 2024Article
- Household Income as a Predictor for Surgical Outcomes and Opioid Use After Spine Surgery in the United States.Global spine journal · 2023Article
- Positive Association between Peri-Surgical Opioid Exposure and Post-Discharge Opioid-Related Outcomes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Analyzing the Impact of Cannabinoids on the Treatment of Spinal Disorders.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2022Review
- The relationship between patients' income and education and their access to pharmacological chronic pain management: A scoping review.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2022Article
- Trends of Opioid Use Disorder and Associated Factors in Hospitalized Patients With Arthritis.Cureus · 2020Article
- Trends and Factors Associated With Extremity Fractures and Post-Acute Care Utilization of Nevada Older Adults: Insights of Age-Friendly State Planning in U.S.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designSerial cross-sectional study utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2005 to 2014.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the trends of opioid-use disorders among hospitalized patients with spinal conditions and treatment and to identify its contributing factors. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The opioid is widely used in chronic spinal conditions, and misuse of prescriptions is the main culprit of the opioid crisis. Cannabis, the most commonly utilized illicit drug, has recently been substituted for opioid despite increasing cannabis-use emergency room visits. There is limited information on opioid-use disorders, the association with cannabis, and other contributing factors.
methodsWe analyzed the 2005 to 2014 NIS data that identified opioid-use disorders among hospitalized patients with cervical and lumbar spinal conditions and treatment using the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification codes for opioid abuse, dependence, poisoning, and cervical and lumbar spinal diseases and procedures. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was used to quantify trends of opioid-use disorders among hospitalized patients. Multilevel and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine their contributing factors.
resultsThe number of hospitalizations with spinal conditions and treatment increased from 2005 to 2011, then decreased between 2011 and 2014 with an overall decrease in length of stay, resulting in the CAGR of -1.60% (P < .001). Almost 3% (2.93%, n = 557,423) of hospitalized patients with spinal conditions and treatment were diagnosed as opioid-use disorders and its CAGR was 6.47% (P < .0001). Opioid-use disorders were associated with cannabis-use disorders (odds ratio 1.714), substance use, mental health condition, younger age, white race, male sex, higher household income, and public insurance or uninsured.
conclusionThis study suggests that opioid-use disorders are increasing among hospitalized patients with spinal conditions and treatment and associated with several demographic, and socioeconomic factors, including cannabis-use disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.