ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2019
Cell Encapsulation Within Alginate Microcapsules: Immunological Challenges and Outlook.
Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Bioactive Scaffolds in Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Myocardial Infarction: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Trials.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2022Pooled it
- Cellular Responses to Mechanical Cues Across Scales: From Fundamental Insights to Translational Potential.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- RGD-modified alginate enhances viability, metabolic reprogramming, and cytokine secretion profiles in encapsulated mesenchymal stromal cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Delivery of cytokines via encapsulated human astrocytes for neural immunomodulation.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Synthetic closed-loop gene circuit for phenylalanine regulation.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) does not affect whole blood responses to alginate-based microspheres despite plasma lipid and glucose differences.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Progress in Hyaluronan-Based Nanoencapsulation Systems for Smart Drug Release and Medical Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Intermittent Low-Magnitude Pressure Applied Across Macroencapsulation Devices Enables Physiological Insulin Delivery Dynamics.Diabetes · 2025Article
- A hybrid implant combining a macroporous device with immunoprotective microcapsules for cell therapy applications: A conceptual in vitro study.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Recent advances in stem cell-based therapies for type 1 diabetes: A glimpse into the future.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Review
- Shear-thinning hydrogel for allograft cell transplantation and externally controlled transgene expression.Biomaterials · 2025Article
- Alginate-polylysine-alginate (APA) microencapsulated transgenic human amniotic epithelial cells ameliorate fibrosis in hypertrophic scars.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Review
- Bioactive Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor from a Safe Injectable Collagen-Alginate Composite Gel Rescues Retinal Photoreceptors from Retinal Degeneration in Rabbits.Marine drugs · 2024Article
- Current Challenges in Microcapsule Designs and Microencapsulation Processes: A Review.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Review
- Alternative Therapies in Transplantology as a Promising Perspective in Medicine.Annals of transplantation · 2024Review
- Alginate-Encapsulated Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Hind Limb Ischemia in a Translational Swine Model.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Potential of Single-Cell Encapsulation in Biomedical Applications: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.Small science · 2024Article
- Natural Polymers as Carriers for Encapsulation of Volatile Oils: Applications and Perspectives in Food Products.Polymers · 2024Review
- Silicone cryogel skeletons enhance the survival and mechanical integrity of hydrogel-encapsulated cell therapies.Science advances · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cell encapsulation is a bioengineering technology that provides live allogeneic or xenogeneic cells packaged in a semipermeable immune-isolating membrane for therapeutic applications. The concept of cell encapsulation was first proposed almost nine decades ago, however, and despite its potential, the technology has yet to deliver its promise. The few clinical trials based on cell encapsulation have not led to any licensed therapies. Progress in the field has been slow, in part due to the complexity of the technology, but also because of the difficulties encountered when trying to prevent the immune responses generated by the various microcapsule components, namely the polymer, the encapsulated cells, the therapeutic transgenes and the DNA vectors used to genetically engineer encapsulated cells. While the immune responses induced by polymers such as alginate can be minimized using highly purified materials, the need to cope with the immunogenicity of encapsulated cells is increasingly seen as key in preventing the immune rejection of microcapsules. The encapsulated cells are recognized by the host immune cells through a bidirectional exchange of immune mediators, which induce both the adaptive and innate immune responses against the engrafted capsules. The potential strategies to cope with the immunogenicity of encapsulated cells include the selective diffusion restriction of immune mediators through capsule pores and more recently inclusion in microcapsules of immune modulators such as CXCL12. Combining these strategies with the use of well-characterized cell lines harboring the immunomodulatory properties of stem cells should encourage the incorporation of cell encapsulation technology in state-of-the-art drug development.
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