ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
BCG-Induced Cross-Protection and Development of Trained Immunity: Implication for Vaccine Design.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05507671 (The Role of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine), which is not on this map. Cited by 203 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Role of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine (BCG) in the Clinical Evolution of COVID-19 and in the Efficacy of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Vaccines
Who cites it
203 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 329 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multidimensional determinants of BCG-induced false-positivity in tuberculin skin testing: a global meta-analysis of 242 studies.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination policies in reducing infection and mortality of COVID-19: a systematic review.Global health research and policy · 2022Pooled it
- BCG-Induced DNA Methylation Changes Improve Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Immunity Without Decreasing the Risk for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- The effect of BCG vaccination on infection and antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2-The results of ProBCG: a multicenter randomized clinical trial in Brazil.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Randomized clinical trial of BCG vaccine in patients with convalescent COVID-19: Clinical evolution, adverse events, and humoral immune response.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Trial
- Antigenic profiling of Leishmania amazonensis microsomal fraction to support vaccine development.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Seropositivity and Risk Factors forAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination and the Immune-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuroprotection and Neurodegenerative Disease.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Gut commensal Lactobacillus strain induces a balanced trained immunity phenotype to enhance vaccine efficacy through JAK-STAT-SOCS pathway.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Impact of Vaccines Across the Lifespan: A New Perspective in Public Health-Conclusions of an Expert Panel-Part 1.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Gene expression changes of homologs of human trained immunity markers in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) upon exposure to an innate immunity-enhancing agent.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluation of trained immunity as a potential strategy for a universal Streptococcus suis vaccine using immunogenic proteins in a murine model.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Prior Exposure of Airway Epithelial Cells to Mycobacteria Reduces Subsequent <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> Infection and Resulting Inflammation.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Article
- Unravelling the complexity of the interactions among VACCIMEL, BCG and blood monocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Trained immunity in cancer and autoimmunity: a double-edged sword in immune memory reprogramming.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- BCG Vaccination Modulates Long-Term TNF-α and sCD40L in COVID-19: An Exploratory Longitudinal Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- The TRIM-cancer paradox: BCG as a programmable vaccine platform and a mechanistic probe for rational immunotherapy design.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unleashing the power of the BCG vaccine in modulating viral immunity through heterologous protection: A scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Review
143 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine that has the ability to induce non-specific cross-protection against pathogens that might be unrelated to the target disease. Vaccination with BCG reduces mortality in newborns and induces an improved innate immune response against microorganisms other than
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.