ReviewInternal and emergency medicine2020
Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents and cardiovascular risk.
Review in Internal and emergency medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Guideline
- Pooled it
- Annexin A1 as a Key Modulator of Inflammatory, Glial, and Angiogenic Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- RBM15 promotes hyperglycemia-induced retinal endothelial cell injury by regulating FOXO3 stability via m6A modification.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Pharmacological manipulation of Sema4D by salvianolic acid A mitigates diabetic retinopathy via inhibiting PlexinB1/RhoA/ROCK/pMLC2 signaling cascade involved in endothelial dysfunction.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Death after Intravitreal Injection of Anti-VEGF in a Nationwide Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Disproportionality analysis of off-label intravitreal bevacizumab in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2026Article
- Causal Association Between Commonly Used Medicines and Diabetes-Related Eye Diseases: Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Disproportionality Analysis of Intravitreal Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, and Brolucizumab for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- The machinery of healthy vasodilatation: an overview.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2025Review
- 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Relationship between serum cystatin C and diabetic retinopathy in T2DM patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Therapeutic potential of artesunate in retinal diseases: from mechanism to clinical applications.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Application of Acupuncture in Diabetic Vascular Complications: Efficacy and Potential Mechanisms.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Review
- Recurrence Rate during 5-Year Period after Suspension of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Role of macrophage in ocular neovascularization.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Diabetes and diabetic associative diseases: An overview of epigenetic regulations of TUG1.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Interferon-regulatory factor-1 boosts bevacizumab cardiotoxicity by the vascular endothelial growth factor A/14-3-3γ axis.ESC heart failure · 2024Article
- The Treatment of Diabetic Retinal Edema with Intravitreal Steroids: How and When.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antagonists of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF) are widely administered by intravitreal injection for the treatment of ocular pathologies such as Age-related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Macular Edema, Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and occlusion of retinal vessels. Anti-VEGF agents, in particular bevacizumab, were introduced in oncology to inhibit tumor-induced angiogenesis feeding neoplastic tissues. Subsequently, other specific agents were developed for intraocular administration. Whereas systemic administration of anti-VEGF agents in oncology is burdened by increased risk of arterial hypertension and embolism, agents administered for ophthalmic indications are delivered locally into the eye globe in much smaller quantities. Nevertheless, clinical observations have raised the possibility that, even in these conditions, anti-VEGF agents may increase cardiovascular risk in patients who, being elderly and/or diabetic, are intrinsically prone to such events. This paper aims at reviewing the current knowledge on VEGF and its pharmacologic antagonists from mechanistic and side effect points of view, with specific reference to patients with sight-threatening conditions. Internists should be aware of the need to collaborate with ophthalmologists and pharmacovigilance operators to define as best as possible the risk/benefit balance of intravitreal agents in patients who might lose their sight if left untreated, or increase their risk of suffering a cardiovascular event if treated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.