ReviewBritish medical bulletin2019
Avian influenza viruses in humans: lessons from past outbreaks.
Review in British medical bulletin, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed.
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a Delayed Heterologous Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Vaccine Boost Following Different Priming Regimens: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Spatiotemporal distribution trends and driving factors of avian influenza in poultry in China.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies against type I interferons in patients with zoonotic H7N9 influenza: an observational case-control study.EBioMedicine · 2026Observational
- A neutralizing nanobody targeting a conserved lateral patch on HA1 confers protection against multiple H7 avian influenza viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by avian influenza A (H10N3) in a young female: a case report.Infection · 2026Article
- Oseltamivir Resistance in Human Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) Infections: A Mini Review.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity of a Multi-Epitope Influenza Composite Peptide Vaccine Targeting Human, Swine, and Avian Viruses: Advancing Pandemic Preparedness.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Early nasal and lung transcriptomic profiles reveal pathways associated with divergent clinical outcomes following H7N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus infection.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Sialic acid-anchored haemagglutinin stalk neutralizing antibody M-SiaB enhances protection against highly pathogenic influenza H5N1/Texas/2024.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genetic evolution and pathogenicity analysis of two natural recombinant isolates of avian influenza.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Review
- Bee products as alternatives in the treatment of viral infections.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Review
- Host genetics, lung T-cell immunity, and laying activity determine the disease outcome in avian influenza virus-infected chickens.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- A time-delayed epidemic model for control of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI H5Nx) with vaccination, compliance, and non-pharmaceutical interventions.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza: a One Health perspective on risks, surveillance, and resilience.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Review
- Antiviral Inactivated Vaccines: Looking to the Past to Face the Future-A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Influenza strains in focus: global approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and control of H1N1, H3N2, H7N9, and H9N2.Pathogens and global health · 2025Review
- Assessing the spatial risk of wild birds in avian influenza transmission using global risk score.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Avian Influenza H2 Protein Using an Abdominal Inoculation Model in Chickens.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Flu-CNN: identifying host specificity of Influenza A virus using convolutional networks.Human genomics · 2025Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman infections with avian influenza viruses (AIV) represent a persistent public health threat. The principal risk factor governing human infection with AIV is from direct contact with infected poultry and is primarily observed in Asia and Egypt where live-bird markets are common. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: Changing patterns of virus transmission and a lack of obvious disease manifestations in avian species hampers early detection and efficient control of potentially zoonotic AIV. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: Despite extensive studies on biological and environmental risk factors, the exact conditions required for cross-species transmission from avian species to humans remain largely unknown. GROWING POINTS: The development of a universal ('across-subtype') influenza vaccine and effective antiviral therapeutics are a priority. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: Sustained virus surveillance and collection of ecological and physiological parameters from birds in different environments is required to better understand influenza virus ecology and identify risk factors for human infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.