ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2020
Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in the Lungs of Smokers, Nonsmokers, and Electronic Cigarette Users.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic and Salivary Cytokine Levels among Adult E-Cigarette Users: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Pooled it
- Inflammatory and Carcinogenic Biomarker Signatures in E-Cigarette Users: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of ∼24,000 Adults.International journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- Chronic health effects associated with electronic cigarette use: A systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: an integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies.The European respiratory journal · 2021Pooled it
- Lung lipids associated with smoking and ECIG use in a cross-sectional study and clinical trial.Respiratory research · 2025Trial
- Changes in human biomarkers of exposure after complete switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes or exclusive e-cigarette use: a systematic review and biomarker-specific meta-analysis.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Electronic cigarettes, smoking and lung cancer risk: some evidence about the continuum of harm.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Noninvasive repeated sampling technique reveals specific respiratory cytokine signatures for people who use electronic-cigarette and dual-products obtained from a remote cohort of young adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Lung microbiome predictors of epigenetic aging and potential associations with smoking and electronic cigarette use.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- E-CIGARETTE FLAVOR RESTRICTIONS' EFFECTS ON TOBACCO PRODUCT SALES.American journal of health economics · 2026Article
- Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease (chILD) Associated With Toxic Chemical Inhalation Exposures: A State-of-the-Art Review.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Review
- Differential contributions of cardiovascular health-related lifestyle factors to epigenetic ageing: implications for healthy longevity.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Associations of volatile organic compounds with accelerated epigenetic aging in the lungs of smokers and electronic cigarette users.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Estimating lung cancer risk from e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products: applications of a tool based on biomarkers of exposure and of potential harm.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- E-cigarette-induced changes in cell stress and mitochondrial function.Free radical biology & medicine · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of Exposure to Nicotine and Selected Toxicants in Individuals Who Use Alternative Tobacco Products Sold in Japan and Canada from 2018 to 2019.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Sex-related DNA methylation is associated with inflammation and gene expression in the lungs of healthy individuals.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The paradox of the safer cigarette: understanding the pulmonary effects of electronic cigarettes.The European respiratory journal · 2024Review
- Sex-specific lung inflammation and mitochondrial damage in a model of electronic cigarette exposure in asthma.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- Accelerated epigenetic age, inflammation, and gene expression in lung: comparisons of smokers and vapers with non-smokers.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNicotine-containing electronic cigarette (e-cig) use has become widespread. However, understanding the biological impact of e-cigs compared with smoking on the lung is needed. There are major gaps in knowledge for chronic effects and for an etiology to recent acute lung toxicity leading to death among vapers.
methodsWe conducted bronchoscopies in a cross-sectional study of 73 subjects (42 never-smokers, 15 e-cig users, and 16 smokers). Using bronchoalveolar lavage and brushings, we examined lung inflammation by cell counts, cytokines, genome-wide gene expression, and DNA methylation.
resultsThere were statistically significant differences among never-smokers, e-cig users, and smokers for inflammatory cell counts and cytokines (FDR
conclusionsThese data indicate that e-cigs are associated with less toxicity than cigarettes for smoking-related pathways. What is unknown may be unique effects for e-cigs not measured herein, and a comparison of smokers completely switching to e-cigs compared with former smokers. Clinical trials for smokers switching to e-cigs who undergo serial bronchoscopy and larger cross-sectional studies of former smokers with and without e-cig use, and for e-cigs who relapse back to smoking, are needed. IMPACT: These data can be used for product regulation and for informing tobacco users considering or using e-cigs. What is unknown may be unique effects for e-cigs not measured herein, and clinical trials with serial bronchoscopy underway can demonstrate a direct relationship for changes in lung biomarkers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.