Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31848162›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2019

Residential area deprivation and risk of subsequent hospital admission in a British population: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort.

Robert Luben, Shabina Hayat, Anthony Khawaja, Nicholas Wareham, Paul P Pharoah, Kay-Tee Khaw

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Impact of vaccination on pertussis-related hospital admissions in children in Scotland from January 2013 to July 2024: a cohort study.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Robert LubenDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK robert.luben@phpc.cam.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-5088-6343
Shabina HayatDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Anthony KhawajaNIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
Nicholas WarehamMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Paul P PharoahDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Kay-Tee KhawDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
University of Cambridge · GBMoorfields Eye Hospital · GB

Funding

Cancer Research UK 14136Cancer Research UK C864/A8257Medical Research Council G0401527Medical Research Council G1000143Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/1Medical Research Council MR/N003284/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo investigate whether residential area deprivation index predicts subsequent admissions to hospital and time spent in hospital independently of individual social class and lifestyle factors.

designProspective population-based study.

settingThe European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study.

participants11 214 men and 13 763 women in the general population, aged 40-79 years at recruitment (1993-1997), alive in 1999.

main outcome measureTotal admissions to hospital and time spent in hospital during a 19-year time period (1999-2018).

resultsCompared to those with residential Townsend Area Deprivation Index lower than the average for England and Wales, those with a higher than average deprivation index had a higher likelihood of spending >20 days in hospital multivariable adjusted OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.29) and having 7 or more admissions OR 1.11 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.22) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, education, social class and body mass index. Occupational social class and educational attainment modified the association between area deprivation and hospitalisation; those with manual social class and lower education level were at greater risk of hospitalisation when living in an area with higher deprivation index (p-interaction=0.025 and 0.020, respectively), while the risk for non-manual and more highly educated participants did not vary greatly by area of residence.

conclusionResidential area deprivation predicts future hospitalisations, time spent in hospital and number of admissions, independently of individual social class and education level and other behavioural factors. There are significant interactions such that residential area deprivation has greater impact in those with low education level or manual social class. Conversely, higher education level and social class mitigated the association of area deprivation with hospital usage.

Indexed as

Educational StatusPoverty AreasSocial ClassAgedBody Mass IndexCross-Sectional StudiesEnglandFemaleHospitalizationHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisNeoplasmsOccupationsepidemiologyhealth policypublic healthsocial medicine

Identifiers

PMID31848162
PMCPMC6937051
OpenAlexW2989582805

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.