ArticleBMJ open2019
Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among persons aged 15-49 in India: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Impact of Socioeconomic Inequalities on the Risk of Hypertension in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating Yogic Breathing and Relaxation Against Standard Lifestyle Interventions for Hypertension: A 12-week Randomised Trial.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Modeling multistage transition probability in blood pressure progression stages among hypertensive patients, southern Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Subnational inequalities and spatially varying associations of elevated blood glucose among women in India: a national district-level biomarkers analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among public school teachers in Obuasi East Municipality, Ghana.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The personal habits and sleep quality affect the health-related quality of patients with hypertension: The results of a cross-sectional study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of Hypertension and Its Risk Factors Among Adults in the Northern Region of Bangladesh.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Investigating the association between groundwater contaminants and hypertension risk in India: a machine learning-based analysis.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence, predictors and risk perceptions of Hypertension among adults in Bududa Town Council, Eastern Uganda.African health sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring sex differences and associated risk factors of hypertension among the Bhil tribe of rajasthan, India.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in rural areas of Naubatpur block of Patna District in Bihar, India: a population-based cluster cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Spatial patterning of hypertension and its association with comorbidities and risk factors: A cross-sectional study in South India.PloS one · 2025Article
- Unhealthy behaviours associated with uncontrolled hypertension among adults in India- Insights from a national survey.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Clustering of hypertension and clustering of diabetes within households across districts of India: A cross-sectional analysis using a nationally representative household survey.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- CLOCK gene 3'UTR and exon 9 polymorphisms show a strong association with essential hypertension in a North Indian population.BMC medical genomics · 2024Article
- Position statement on hypertension by Indian Society of Hypertension, 2023.Journal of human hypertension · 2024Article
- Hypertension in India: a gender-based study of prevalence and associated risk factors.BMC public health · 2024Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis is the first attempt to provide estimates on the prevalence of hypertension at the national, state and district level, a prerequisite for designing effective interventions. Besides, the study aims to identify the risk factors of hypertension.
designWe analysed cross-sectional survey data from the fourth round (2015-2016) of National Family Health Survey (NFHS). NFHS was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016, gathering information on a range of indicators including blood pressure. The age adjusted prevalence of hypertension was calculated for state comparison, while multilevel logistic regression analysis was done to assess the correlates of hypertension. SETTING AND
participantsIndia (2015-2016; n=811 917) aged 15-49. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome is hypertension, which has been defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg.
resultsThe age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension in India was 11.3% (95% CI 11.16% to 11.43%) among persons aged between 15 and 49 and was four percentage points higher among males 13.8% (95% CI 13.46% to 14.19%) than among females 10.9% (95% CI 10.79% to 11.06%). Persons in the urban location (12.5%, 95% CI 12.25% to 12.80%) had a marginally higher prevalence than persons in rural location (10.6%, 95% CI 10.50% to 10.78%). The proportion of population suffering from hypertension varied greatly between states, with a prevalence of 8.2% (95% CI 7.58% to 8.85%) in Kerala to 20.3% (95% CI 18.81% to 21.77%) in Sikkim. Advancing age, obesity/overweight, male sex, socioeconomic status and consumption of alcohol were found to be the major predictors of hypertension.
conclusionsHypertension prevalence is now becoming more concentrated among the poor. Policy measures should be taken to improve the hazardous working conditions and growing social pressures of survival responsible for 'life-style' changes such as consumption of high calorie food and alcohol.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.