ArticleJournal of safety research2019
Child passenger fatality: Child restraint system usage and contributing factors among the youngest passengers from 2011 to 2015.
Article in Journal of safety research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Demographic Patterns of Age- and Size-Appropriate Child Restraint Use in Chicago.Academic pediatrics · 2026Article
- Community norms and transportation safety behaviors among caregivers of children 6 months to 10 years old in chicago.Traffic injury prevention · 2026Article
- Assessment of the effectiveness of parent-targeted interventions for the use of child restraint systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational pediatrics · 2022Article
- Will Smart Improvements to Child Restraints Increase Their Popularity?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Urban and Rural Child Deaths from Motor Vehicle Crashes: United States, 2015-2019.The Journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Research and Analysis of the Propagation of Vertical Vibrations in the Arrangement of a Vehicle Seat-A Child's Seat.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMotor-vehicle crashes (MVC) remain a leading cause of preventable injury and death for children aged 0-3 in the United States. Despite advancement in legislation and public awareness there is continued evidence of inappropriate child restraint system (CRS) use among the youngest passengers. The current study focuses on appropriate CRS use from 2011 to 2015 using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) for children aged 0-3.
methodsChild-, driver-, vehicle-, and trip-related characteristics were investigated within a sample of 648 children from 625 crashes over 5-years in which a child aged 0-3 was fatally injured while unrestrained or wearing an identified CRS type. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to obtain relative risk.
resultsOnly 48% of the fatally injured children were appropriately restrained in a CRS. Premature transition to a booster seat and seat belt was evident. The largest proportion of rear-facing restraint use was reported in <1 year olds (40%), with less reported in 1 (11%) and 2 year olds (2%) and no usage in 3 year olds. Younger children were more likely to be in an appropriate CRS, while Black children, driver not restrained in a lap-shoulder belt configuration, and riding in a pickup truck were less likely to be restrained appropriately.
conclusionsEvidence of inappropriate CRS use supports the use of more stringent legislation and parental interventions to communicate best practice recommendations and educate caregivers regarding appropriate child restraint methods. Practical applications: Public health campaigns focused on increasing appropriate restraint use in children are of great importance as optimally restrained children are less likely to sustain injuries, or require crash-related hospitalization compared to unrestrained children. Researchers and practitioners may find these surveillance findings essential when developing education and interventions targeting child-parent dyads at the greatest risk for a MVC-related fatality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.