Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31847924›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2020

The nutritional content of children's breakfast cereals: a cross-sectional analysis of New Zealand, Australia, the UK, Canada and the USA.

Lynne Chepulis, Nadine Everson, Rhoda Ndanuko, Gael Mearns

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Review
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  6. Observational
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  8. Reformulation of Processed Yogurt and Breakfast Cereals over Time: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  9. Benchmarking unhealthy food marketing to children and adolescents in Canada: a scoping review.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lynne ChepulisWaikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Nadine EversonDepartment of General Medicine, Lakes District Health Board, Rotorua, New Zealand.
Rhoda NdanukoThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Gael MearnsFaculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-2397-767X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare the Nutrition Information Panel (NIP) content, serving size and package size of children's ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (RTEC) available in five different Western countries.

designNIP label information was collected from RTEC available for purchase in major supermarket chains. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and χ2 tests were applied to detect differences between countries on manufacturer-declared serving size, total energy (kJ), total protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, total sugar, Na and fibre content. The Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC) was used to evaluate the number of products deemed to be 'unhealthy'.

settingSupermarkets in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the USA.

participantsChildren's breakfast cereals (n 636), including those with and without promotional characters.

resultsThe majority of children's RTEC contained substantial levels of total sugar and differences were apparent between countries. Median sugar content per serving was higher in US cereals than all other countries (10·0 v. 7·7-9·1 g; P < 0·0001). Median fat and saturated fat content were lowest in Australia and New Zealand RTEC, while the Na content of RTEC was 60-120 % higher in the USA and Canada than in Australia and the UK (all P ≤ 0·01).

conclusionsAcross all countries, there was a high proportion of RTEC marketed for children that had an unhealthy nutrient profile. Strategies and policies are needed to improve the nutrient value of RTEC for children, so they provide a breakfast food that meets nutrition guidelines.

Indexed as

BreakfastNutritive ValueAustraliaCanadaChildCross-Sectional StudiesDietary FiberDietary SugarsEdible GrainEnergy IntakeFood MarketsFood PackagingHumansNew ZealandPortion SizeServing SizeDietary FiberDietary SugarsSodium, DietaryBreakfast foodsChildren’s breakfast cerealReady-to-eat cereal

Identifiers

PMID31847924
PMCPMC10200571

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.