ArticleNutrients2019
A Comparison of Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile of Human Milk of Spanish Lactating Women during the First Month of Lactation Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. A Comparison with Infant Formulas.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk Lipid Profiles around the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pro-resolving lipid mediators in diseases: exploring the molecular basis and clinical implication.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- The multifaceted roles of fatty acids and their dysregulation in obese mothers: potential implications for infant development.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Unraveling Stage-Specific Metabolites in Human Milk and Their Links to Maternal Physiology: Insights from a Mexican Population.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- Maternal obesity, age and infant sex influence the profiles of amino acids, energetic metabolites, sugars, and fatty acids in human milk.European journal of nutrition · 2025Observational
- Profiling the response of individual gut microbes to free fatty acids (FFAs) found in human milk.Journal of functional foods · 2025Article
- Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile of Lactating Women Living in Poland-A Comparison with the Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Infant Formulas.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Determination of the Fatty Acid Profile and Lipid Quality Indices in Selected Infant Formulas.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on fat mass and fat-free mass for breastfeeding mothers (0-24 months) in Makassar City, Indonesia.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- Review
- Compositional and functional variability of the gut microbiome in children with infantile colic.Scientific reports · 2023Observational
- Higher Availability of Long-Chain Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Preterm than in Full-Term Human Milk.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Impact of Linoleic Acid on Infant Health in the Absence or Presence of DHA in Infant Formulas.Nutrients · 2023Review
- The Study of Yak Colostrum Nutritional Content Based on Foodomics.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Pilot Study Exploring Temporal Development of Gut Microbiome/Metabolome in Breastfed Neonates during the First Week of Life.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- A longitudinal study of fatty acid profiles, macronutrient levels, and plasmin activity in human milk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Fatty Acid Distributions and Triacylglycerol Species in Sow Milk and Commercial Piglet Formulas: A Comparative Study Based on Fat Sources and Lactation Stages.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- LC-PUFA enrichment in infant formula and neurodevelopment up to age 3.5 years in the French nationwide ELFE birth cohort.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the ideal way to provide infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Milk composition changes throughout lactation, and fat is one of the most variable nutrients in human milk. The aim of this study was to determine the main differences between the fatty acid (FA) profile of human milk samples (colostrum, transitional, and mature milk group) and infant formulas. Human milk samples were provided by lactating women from Granada. Moreover, different commercial infant formulas were analyzed. FAs were determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. According to the results, oleic acid was the predominant monounsaturated fatty acid (41.93% in human milk and 43.53% in infant formulas), while palmitic acid was the most representative saturated fatty acid (20.88% in human milk and 23.09% in infant formulas). Significant differences were found between human milk groups and infant formulas, mainly in long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (LC-PUFAs). The content of araquidonic acid (AA) and docoxahexaenoic acid (DHA) was higher in human milk (0.51% and 0.39%, respectively) than in infant formulas (0.31% and 0.22%, respectively). Linoleic acid (LA) percentage (15.31%) in infant formulas was similar to that found in human milk (14.6%). However, α-linolenic acid (ALA) values were also much higher in infant formulas than in human milk (1.64% and 0.42%, respectively).
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