ArticleAge and ageing2020
Estimated societal costs of stroke in the UK based on a discrete event simulation.
Article in Age and ageing, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of Vestibular Rehabilitation and Dual-Task Training on Balance and Gait in Survivors of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- Software with artificial intelligence-derived algorithms for analysing CT brain scans in people with a suspected acute stroke: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2024Pooled it
- [Organization and costs of stroke care in outpatient settings: Systematic review].Atencion primaria · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- A clinical trial evaluating feasibility and acceptability of a brain-computer interface for telerehabilitation in patients with stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Experiences of support to return to work after stroke: longitudinal case studies from RETAKE trial.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2025Trial
- Cost consequences analysis of early vocational rehabilitation compared with usual care for stroke survivors.Clinical rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Estimating the cost consequence of the early use of botulinum toxin in post-stroke spasticity: Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.Clinical rehabilitation · 2023Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of the ABCStroke pathway in ischaemic stroke care: a UK pilot analysis.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2026Article
- Enhancement of Cerebral Oxygenation by Lower-Limb Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Stroke Survivors.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Observational
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of non-surgical periodontal treatment to prevent strokes and myocardial infarctions in the United Kingdom.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Real-world experience of the large 6 × 50 mm Aperio Stent-retriever: evaluation of effectiveness and safety.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Variation in stroke survivors' long-term home care use: a South London population-based study.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- The Equality Health-CVD intervention: protocol for a feasibility study of a home-based multi-component cardiovascular support intervention.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2026Article
- Ethnic Inequalities in Return to Work Post First Stroke: Findings From a Population-Based Cohort Study in South London.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Seeing the Small to Prevent the Big: The Role of Cerebral Microvessels in Ischemic Stroke Etiology and Prevention.Stroke research and treatment · 2026Review
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-stroke Motor Recovery: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundthere are around 100,000 new stroke cases and over a million people living with its consequences annually in the UK. This has large impacts on health and social care, unpaid carers and lost productivity. We aimed to estimate associated costs.
methodswe estimated 2014/2015 annual mean cost per person and aggregate UK cost of stroke for individuals aged ≥40 from a societal perspective. Health and social care costs in the first and subsequent years after stroke were estimated from discrete event simulation modelling, with probability of progression and length of receipt of different health and social care services obtained from routine registry and audit data. Unpaid care hours and lost productivity were obtained from trial data. UK unit costs were applied to estimate mean costs. Epidemiological estimates of stroke incidence and prevalence were then applied to estimate aggregate costs for the UK.
resultsmean cost of new-onset stroke is £45,409 (95% CI 42,054-48,763) in the first year after stroke and £24,778 (20,234-29,322) in subsequent years. Aggregate societal cost of stroke is £26 billion per year, including £8.6 billion for NHS and social care. The largest component of total cost was unpaid care (61%) and, given high survival, £20.6 billion related to ongoing care.
conclusionthe estimated aggregate cost of stroke substantially exceeds previous UK estimates. Since most of the cost is attributed to unpaid care, interventions aimed at rehabilitation and reducing new and recurrent stroke are likely to yield substantial benefits to carers and cost savings to society.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.