ReviewEndocrine connections2020
Approach to patients with pseudo-Cushing's states.
Review in Endocrine connections, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Who and how to screen for Cushing's syndrome: the position statement of the Italian Society of Endocrinology.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Guideline
- Second-line tests in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic hypercortisolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Pooled it
- When anorexia nervosa conceals Cushing syndrome: a diagnostic pitfall in hypercortisolemia.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Non-incidentally detected adrenal mass: a paradigm shift beyond incidentaloma?Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Is Hypercortisolism Treatable? Which Patients Should Be Treated and How-A Practical Guide for Clinicians.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Cushing syndrome of different etiologies - cardiometabolic complications, venous thromboembolic events and mortality: data from ERCUSYN Krakow database.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The Differential Diagnosis between Pseudo Cushing's Syndrome and True Cushing's Syndrome in a Septic Patient in the Pre-Agonal Phase: A Case ReportEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- A Difficult Case of Ectopic ACTH Syndrome: Is Treatment Possible Even Without Accurate Localization?Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2025Article
- Article
- Glucocorticoid Resistance Syndrome as a Hidden Cause of Nonneoplastic Hypercortisolism.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Management of Cushing's disease in the initial phase~From detection to surgery~.Endocrine journal · 2025Review
- "Who and how to screen for endogenous hypercortisolism among young women presenting with clinical hyperandrogenism and/or menstrual abnormalities ".Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Who and how to screen for endogenous hypercortisolism in patients with mood disorders.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Cortisol Secretion in Obesity Revisited: Lower Basal Serum and Salivary Cortisol with Diminished Cortisol Response to the Low Dose ACTH Challenge.Obesity facts · 2025Article
- Pre-Surgery Cortisol Levels as Biomarker of Evolution after Bariatric Surgery: Weight Loss and Weight Regain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Glucocorticoids and cognitive function: a walkthrough in endogenous and exogenous alterations.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Review
- Factitious cushing's syndrome with unusual presentation: a case report and literature review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Pseudo-Cushing Syndrome With an Atypically High Cortisol Burden and Clinical Improvement With Adrenal Enzyme Inhibitor.JCEM case reports · 2023Article
- Cortisol and the Dexamethasone Suppression Test as a Biomarker for Melancholic Depression: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Pitfalls in the Diagnosis and Management of Hypercortisolism (Cushing Syndrome) in Humans; A Review of the Laboratory Medicine Perspective.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The distinction between pseudo-Cushing's states (PCS) and Cushing's syndrome (CS) poses a significant clinical challenge even for expert endocrinologists. A patient's clinical history can sometimes help to distinguish between them (as in the case of alcoholic individuals), but the overlap in clinical and laboratory findings makes it difficult to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. We aim to describe the most common situations that can give rise to a condition resembling overt endogenous hypercortisolism and try to answer questions that physicians often face in clinical practice. It is important to know the relative prevalence of these different situations, bearing in mind that most of the conditions generating PCS are relatively common (such as metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome), while CS is rare in the general population. Physicians should consider CS in the presence of additional features. Appropriate treatment of underlying conditions is essential as it can reverse the hormonal abnormalities associated with PCS. Close surveillance and a thorough assessment of a patient's hormone status will ultimately orient the diagnosis and treatment options over time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.