Trial reportPsychopharmacology2020
Opposing sex-dependent effects of oxytocin on the perception of gaze direction.
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inferences about women's traits influence the judgment of their eye contact.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Article
- How does oxytocin modulate human behavior?Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- How Do Common Marmosets Maintain the Balance Between Response Execution and Action Inhibition?American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Face mask reduces gaze-cueing effect.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Guilt-inducing interaction with others modulates subsequent attentional orienting via their gaze.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Fear-specific leftward bias in gaze direction judgment.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Intranasal oxytocin enhances the perception of ambiguous averted gaze in women but not in men.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGaze direction is an important cue of the eye region. Previous studies have revealed that oxytocin (OXT) increases orienting to the eye region of face. However, little has been known about the effect of OXT in men and women on the perception of gaze direction particularly when associated with different emotions.
objectivesWe investigated how oxytocin would affect gaze direction judgments for threatening, angry, and neutral facial expressions and whether this effect would be modulated by observers' sex.
methodsWe used the cone of direct gaze (CoDG) task. Participants were required to judge the gaze direction of face between directed and averted gaze.
resultsResults showed opposing sex-dependent effects of OXT such that OXT, as compared with placebo, tended to decrease the CoDG in men but increase it in women. The CoDG was marginally wider in men than in women in the placebo condition, and however, this difference was abolished following OXT treatment. We also found that the perception of gaze direction varied as a function of emotional expression such that the CoDG for angry and neutral faces was wider than that for fearful faces and the CoDG for angry faces was marginally wider than that for neutral ones. However, there was no significant interaction between treatment and facial expression.
conclusionsOur findings provide the first evidence for sex-dependent effects of OXT on gaze direction perception, suggesting that OXT attenuates the self-referential judgment of gaze directions of others in men and enhances it in women despite differentiated emotions of faces.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.