ReviewPharmacology research & perspectives2019
Individualized medicine: Sex, hormones, genetics, and adverse drug reactions.
Review in Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aortic valve stenosis serum IGFBP2 mediates female-specific Evogliptin resistance in valve myofibroblasts.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Risk factors for drug-resistant epilepsy according to sex: a cohort study conducted in a middle-income country.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Evidence and Tradition in Dialogue: Biological Sex Variability in Phytomedicine Research as a Foundation for Safety, Efficacy, and Robust Evidence Standards.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Elucidating adverse drug reactions and underlying molecular mechanisms of ivermectin through pharmacovigilance and multi-omics analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular risk prediction in women: rethinking traditional approaches through precision medicine.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Review
- Sex differences in hepatic enzymes and transporters involved in pharmacokinetics.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Autistic Adults Avoid Unpredictability in Decision-Making.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Children and Young Adults Who Used Medication for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Faced Increased Cardiac Risks.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- LGBTQ+ persons, queer bioethics, and inclusivity in stem cell research and regenerative medicine.Regenerative medicine · 2025Review
- Comparison of Intravenous and Oral Meloxicam Pharmacokinetics in Female and Male Saanen Goats.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- High-Fat Diet and Metabolic Diseases: A Comparative Analysis of Sex-Dependent Responses and Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Incidence and trend of cardiac events among children and young adults exposed to psychopharmacological treatment (2006-2018): A nationwide register-based study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Bridging ancient wisdom and modern technology: an AI and multi-omics framework for three causes tailored treatment in personalized medicine.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Exploring the role of sex in asthma and COPD pharmacological treatment.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2025Review
- A comprehensive analysis of adverse drug reactions in 2020-2023: case studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for severe adverse drug reactions: a dual-center pharmacovigilance study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Assessing the real-world safety of fenofibric acid for hyperlipidemia: results from WHO-VigiAccess and FAERS databases.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Fluoroquinolones and Other Antibiotics: A Retrospective Pharmacovigilance Study.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2025Article
- Human CYP2D6 varies across the estrous cycle in brains of transgenic mice altering drug response.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clinically relevant adverse drug reactions differ between men and women. The underlying physiological and pharmacological processes contributing to these differences are infrequently studied or reported. As gene expression, cellular regulatory pathways, and integrated physiological functions differ between females and males, aggregating data from combined groups of men and women obscures the ability to detect these differences. This paper summarizes how genetic sex, that is, the presence of sex chromosomes XY for male or XX for female, and the influence of sex hormones affect transporters, receptors, and enzymes involved in drug metabolism. Changing levels of sex steroids throughout life, including increases at puberty, changes with pregnancy, and decreases with age, may directly and indirectly affect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The direct and indirect effects of sex steroids in the form of exogenous hormones such as those used in hormonal contraceptives, menopausal hormone treatments, transgender therapy, and over-the-counter performance enhancing drugs may interfere with metabolism of other pharmaceuticals, and these interactions may vary by dose, formulation, and mode of delivery (oral, injection, or transdermal) of the steroid hormones. Few drugs have sex-specific labeling or dosing recommendations. Furthermore, there is limited literature evaluating how the circulating levels of sex steroids impact drug efficacy or adverse reactions. Such research is needed in order to improve the understanding of the impact of sex hormones on pharmacological therapies, particularly as medicine moves toward individualizing treatments.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.