Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31843850›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2019

Influence of leftover antibiotics on self-medication with antibiotics for children: a cross-sectional study from three Chinese provinces.

Chenhui Sun, Yanhong Jessika Hu, Xiaomin Wang, Jingjing Lu, Leesa Lin, Xudong Zhou

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Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  3. Income level and antibiotic misuse: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Chenhui SunInstitute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8288-1849
Yanhong Jessika HuMurdoch Children's Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Xiaomin WangInstitute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Jingjing LuInstitute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Leesa LinDepartment of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Xudong ZhouInstitute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China zhouxudong@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo investigate leftover antibiotics and their influence on self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) for Chinese children, and further explore the different influences of leftovers from two main sources: previous prescriptions and pharmaceutical purchases.

designA cross-sectional questionnaire study.

settingThe participants were approached through kindergartens and primary schools as well as in vaccination clinics.

participantsA total of 9526 parents from three Chinese provinces whose children were aged 0-13 years completed the survey. OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of keeping antibiotics at home for children and the proportion of leftover antibiotics from two main sources were measured by a self-administrated questionnaire. Logistic regression models were established to examine the association between keeping antibiotics at home and SMA for children, specifically the risks of leftovers from two main sources.

resultsOverall, 4580 (48.1%) reported keeping antibiotics at home for children. Among those who had leftovers, 2891 (63.1%) reported that their leftovers came from previous prescriptions and 1619 (35.3%) reported that their leftovers came from pharmaceutical purchases. Mothers, older age of child, higher household income, higher education level and medical background were significantly associated with keeping antibiotics at home. Keeping antibiotics at home was significantly associated with SMA for children (adjusted OR=4.91, 95% CI 3.84 to 6.28). Particularly, compared with parents who did not keep antibiotics at home, parents who kept leftover antibiotics from previous prescriptions and those whose leftovers came from pharmaceutical purchases were 3.80 (95% CI 2.89 to 5.00) and 6.45 (95% CI 4.89 to 8.51) times more likely to engage in SMA for children, respectively.

conclusionsKeeping antibiotics at home for children was pervasive in China. Most leftovers came from previous prescriptions, while those from pharmacies had a higher risk of SMA for children.

Indexed as

AdolescentAnti-Bacterial AgentsChildChild, PreschoolChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfectionsLogistic ModelsMaleParentsPrevalenceAnti-Bacterial Agentsantimicrobial resistancechildrenleftover antibioticsself-medication with antibiotics

Identifiers

PMID31843850
PMCPMC6924767

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.