Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31843823›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2019

Demographics and health profile on precursors of non-communicable diseases in adults testing for HIV in Soweto, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.

Kathryn L Hopkins, Khuthadzo Hlongwane, Kennedy Otwombe, Janan Dietrich, Mireille Cheyip, Nompumelelo Khanyile, Tanya Doherty, Glenda E Gray

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kathryn L HopkinsPerinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa HopkinsK@phru.co.za.
Khuthadzo HlongwanePerinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa.
Kennedy OtwombePerinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa.
Janan DietrichPerinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa.
Mireille CheyipCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa.
Nompumelelo KhanyileCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa.
Tanya DohertySchool of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Glenda E GrayPerinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa.
University of the Witwatersrand · ZAPerinatal HIV Research Unit · ZAUniversity of Pretoria · ZA

Funding

PEPFAR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis cross-sectional study investigated the burden of HIV-non-communicable disease (NCD) precursor comorbidity by age and sex. Policies stress integrated HIV-NCD screenings; however, NCD screening is poorly implemented in South African HIV testing services (HTS).

settingWalk-in HTS Centre in Soweto, South Africa.

participants325 voluntary adults, aged 18+ years, who provided written or verbal informed consent (with impartial witness) for screening procedures were enrolled. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Data on sociodemographics, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infection symptoms, blood pressure (BP) (≥140/90=elevated) and body mass index (<18.5 underweight; 18.5-25.0 normal; >25 overweight/obese) were stratified by age-group, sex and HIV status.

resultsOf the 325 participants, the largest proportions were female (51.1%; n=166/325), single (71.5%; n=231/323) and 25-34 years (33.8%; n=110/325). Overall, 20.9% (n=68/325) were HIV infected, 27.5% (n=89/324) had high BP and 33.5% (n=109/325) were overweight/obese. Among HIV-infected participants, 20.6% (14/68) had high BP and 30.9% (21/68) were overweight/obese, as compared with 29.3% (75/256) and 12.1% (31/256) of the HIV-uninfected participants, respectively. Females were more likely HIV-infected compared with males (26.5% (44/166) vs 15.1% (24/159); p=0.012). In both HIV-infected and uninfected groups, high BP was most prevalent in those aged 35-44 years (25% (6/24) vs 36% (25/70); p=0.3353) and >44 years (29% (4/14) vs 48% (26/54); p=0.1886). Males had higher BP than females (32.9% (52/158) vs 22.3% (37/166); p=0.0323); more females were overweight/obese relative to males (45.8% (76/166) vs 20.8% (33/159); p<0.0001). Females were more likely to be HIV infected and overweight/obese.

conclusionAmong HTS clients, NCD precursors rates and co-morbidities were high. Elevated BP occurred more in older participants. Targeted integrated interventions for HIV-infected females and HIV-infected people aged 18-24 and 35-44 years could improve HIV public health outcomes. Additional studies on whether integrated HTS will improve the uptake of NCD treatment and improve health outcomes are required.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAge DistributionBody Mass IndexComorbidityCost of IllnessCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansHypertensionMaleMiddle AgedNoncommunicable DiseasesObesityOverweightepidemiologyHIV and AIDShypertensioninternational health servicespublic health

Identifiers

PMID31843823
PMCPMC6924733
OpenAlexW2995431590

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.