ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2020
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Human Milk Intake at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge among Very Low Birth Weight Infants in California.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Influencing Breastfeeding Outcomes Following Neonatal Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2026Pooled it
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mother's Milk Provision Among Mothers of Preterm Infants.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Disparities in Survival Without Major Morbidity Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants in California.Pediatrics · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Inequities in Donor Milk Bank Access Among Different Hospitals.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2024Article
- Expected and Desirable Preterm and Small Infant Growth Patterns.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Review
- Predictors of Human Milk Feeding and Direct Breastfeeding for Infants with Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease: Machine Learning Analysis of the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative Registry.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Lactation Support as a Proxy Measure of Family-Centered Care Quality in Neonates with Life-Limiting Conditions-A Comparative Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A mixed methods study of perceptions of bias among neonatal intensive care unit staff.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Racial Disparities in Breastmilk Receipt and Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonatal Morbidities in an Asian Pacific Islander Population.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in postnatal growth among very low birth weight infants in California.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- The Role of Work as a Social Determinant of Health in Mother's Own Milk Feeding Decisions for Preterm Infants: A State of the Science Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Association of Primary Language with Provision of Mother's Milk Among Very-Low-Birthweight Infants in Massachusetts.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Article
- Interactive effects of maternal exposure to chemical fertilizer and socio-economic status on the risk of low birth weight.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Maternal language disparities in neonatal intensive care unit outcomes.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Article
- Evaluating Care in Safety Net Hospitals: Clinical Outcomes and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Quality of Care in California.The Journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine how infant and maternal factors, hospital factors, and neighborhood-level factors impact or modify racial/ethnic disparities in human milk intake at hospital discharge among very low birth weight infants. STUDY
designWe studied 14 422 infants from 119 California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative neonatal intensive care units born from 2008 to 2011. Maternal addresses were linked to 2010 census tract data, representing neighborhoods. We tested for associations with receiving no human milk at discharge, using multilevel cross-classified models.
resultsCompared with non-Hispanic whites, the adjusted odds of no human milk at discharge was higher among non-Hispanic blacks (aOR 1.33 [1.16-1.53]) and lower among Hispanics (aOR 0.83 [0.74-0.93]). Compared with infants of more educated white mothers, infants of less educated white, black, and Asian mothers had higher odds of no human milk at discharge, and infants of Hispanic mothers of all educational levels had similar odds as infants of more educated white mothers. Country of birth and neighborhood socioeconomic was also associated with disparities in human milk intake at discharge.
conclusionsNon-Hispanic blacks had the highest and Hispanic infants the lowest odds of no human milk at discharge. Maternal education and country of birth were the biggest drivers of disparities in human milk intake, suggesting the need for targeted approaches of breastfeeding support.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.