ArticleBMC public health2019
Adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to gender and depression among young adults in Iraq: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Depression.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Life and Adverse Childhood Events on Help-Seeking Behaviours-A Cross-Sectional Survey of School-Age Adolescents in Jordan.Pediatric reports · 2025Article
- Identifying factors influencing attitudes toward domestic violence in Iraq.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and hypertension: examining the roles of depressive symptoms and cardiometabolic dysregulations based on CHARLS data.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depression among Homeless Young Adults: A Social Determinants of Health Perspective.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Childhood abuse and association with adult depressive symptoms among people with cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to mental and physical illnesses in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- Roles of participation in social activities in the association between adverse childhood experiences and health among older Japanese adults.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Instruments to identify risk factors associated with adverse childhood experiences for vulnerable children in primary care in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Childhood Experiences and Psychological Distress: Can Benevolent Childhood Experiences Counteract the Negative Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences?Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Older Adult Poverty: Mediating Role of Depression.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are considered as universal public health problem that associate with mental disorders and risky behaviors during adulthood. The aims of the paper are to estimate the prevalence of Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among young adults in Iraq as well as to estimate the association between ACEs and depression.
methodsA convenience sample of young adults of 18-20 years was chosen from centre and west of Iraq, mainly from universities. The adverse childhood experiences were measured by Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. A depression scale was derived from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS). Statistical tests: chi square was used to measure the association between adverse childhood experiences and other variables like gender and depression. Odds ratios were computed to estimate the risk for depression. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
resultsThe total number of participants was 401, 38.9% of the subjects were men, while 61.1% were women. The mean age of the participants was 18.88 ± 0.745. The results revealed that the most common forms of ACEs among the subjects were physical neglect (19.8%) and emotional neglect (19.2%) followed by physical abuse (17.21%) while sexual abuse was 7.52%. There was statistically significant association between most forms of adverse childhood experiences especially emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse and physical neglect with depression.
conclusionACEs are not uncommon among young adults in Iraq and are associated with depression in adulthood. National programmes to support mental health rehabilitation might be necessary to reduce the effect of ACEs among Iraqi people, especially for adolescents and young adults.
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