Observational studyNutrients2019
Sex Differences of Vitamin D Status across BMI Classes: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study.
Observational study in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Investigating the Inflammatory Link Between Vitamin D and Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review and Causal Inference Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Sjögren's Disease: Revealing the Connections-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Incidence of vitamin D deficiency in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Comorbidities as Risk Factors of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2022Pooled it
- Exploratory Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic Phenotypes and Their Association With Vitamin D Status in Primary Care Patients.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Upward changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in South Korea: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey studies IX (2022-2023) versus VI (2013-2014).Osteoporosis and sarcopenia · 2026Article
- Article
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Approaches, Functional Bioactives, and Nutritional Interventions.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Effectiveness of a culturally adapted group-based lifestyle intervention in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in a high-risk Latin American population.Translational behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and exercise in obesity: a neurovascular-muscle axis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Prospective Evaluation of Specific IgE Profile and Quality-of-Life During Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy with House Dust Mite: A Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Lifestyle Factors Affecting Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility and Disease Progression.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Vitamin DNutrients · 2025Article
- Vitamin D deficiency and associated factors among children in a tertiary care hospital setting: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Article
- A Prospective Observational Study Investigating the Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and STOP-Bang Parameters in Elderly Populations.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Effects of vitamin DBiology of sport · 2025Article
- Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Survival Outcomes in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: Results From the NIFTY Trial.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Recent Updates and Advances in the Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Thrombotic Disease.Nutrients · 2024Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Growing evidence reported that vitamin D deficiency is a common finding in obesity. Vitamin D status also seems to be sex-related, although little is known regarding this association. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the sex-related differences of serum 25OH vitamin D (25OHD) concentrations across body mass index (BMI) classes and, if there were any differences, whether they could be explained by sex-related differences in body composition. We enrolled 500 subjects (250 males, age 37.4 ± 11.8 years; 250 females, age 36.6 ± 11.8 years). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) phase-sensitive system. Serum 25OHD concentration was quantified by a direct, competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25OHD concentrations < 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). Stratifying the sample population according to sex and BMI categories, 25OHD concentrations were significantly higher in males compared to females in all BMI classes and decreased along with the increase of BMI values. Females with vitamin D deficiency had higher fat mass (FM) % compared to males with vitamin D deficiency. The 25OHD concentrations inversely correlated with FM % in both sexes. In a multiple regression analysis model, sex, FM %, and BMI were predictive factors of 25OHD concentration. In conclusion, our study suggests that 25OHD concentrations were lower in females than males across all BMI categories. Given the tight correlation between 25OHD concentrations and FM %, it can be hypothesized that the lower 25OHD concentrations in females than males can be explained by the fact that females have a higher amount of fat than males.
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