ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering2020
Understanding Factors Governing Distribution Volume of Ethyl Cellulose-Ethanol to Optimize Ablative Therapy in the Liver.
Article in IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic model of phase-transitioning therapeutics injected into poroelastic tissue for improved targeting of superficial tumors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Antitumoral immunity induced by gel ethanol ablation to treat unresectable colorectal cancer metastases in the liver.PloS one · 2026Article
- Optimization of injections with speculum-compatible devices to deliver ethyl cellulose-ethanol into the cervix to treat cervical dysplasia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mechanistic model of phase-transitioning therapeutics injected into poroelastic tissue for improved targeting of superficial tumors.Research square · 2025Article
- Optimization of injections with speculum-compatible devices to deliver ethyl cellulose-ethanol into the cervix to treat cervical dysplasia.Research square · 2025Article
- Usability of Speculum-Compatible Injection Devices for Administering Ethyl Cellulose-Ethanol Ablation to Treat Cervical Neoplasia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Synergizing photodynamic therapy and ethanol ablation: Light-activatable sustained-exposure ethanol injection technology for enhanced tumor ablation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating the echogenicity of ethyl cellulose-ethanol gel for tracking biodistribution during liver ablation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Backflow reduction in local injection therapy with gelatin formulations.Drug delivery · 2024Article
- Light-activatable minimally invasive ethyl cellulose ethanol ablation: Biodistribution and potential applications.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact of Injection-Based Delivery Parameters on Local Distribution Volume of Ethyl-Cellulose Ethanol Gel in Tissue and Tissue Mimicking Phantoms.IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2024Article
- Article
- Investigation of the effectiveness of gelatin hydrolysate in human iPS-RPE cell suspension transplantation.Regenerative therapy · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Non-Thermal Liver Ablation: Existing and New Technology.Seminars in interventional radiology · 2023Review
- Hydrogel drug delivery systems for minimally invasive local immunotherapy of cancer.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- In Vivo Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Ethyl Cellulose-Ethanol Tissue Ablation in a Swine Cervix Model.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveEthanol ablation, the injection of ethanol to induce necrosis, was originally used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, with survival rates comparable to surgery. However, efficacy is limited due to leakage into surrounding tissue. To reduce leakage, we previously reported incorporating ethyl cellulose (EC) with ethanol as this mixture forms a gel when injected into tissue. To further develop EC-ethanol injection as an ablative therapy, the present study evaluates the extent to which salient injection parameters govern the injected fluid distribution.
methodsUtilizing ex vivo swine liver, injection parameters (infusion rate, EC%, infusion volume) were examined with fluorescein added to each solution. After injection, tissue samples were frozen, sectioned, and imaged.
resultsWhile leakage was higher for ethanol and 3%EC-ethanol at a rate of 10 mL/hr compared to 1 mL/hr, leakage remained low for 6%EC-ethanol regardless of infusion rate. The impact of infusion volume and pressure were also investigated first in tissue-mimicking surrogates and then in tissue. Results indicated that there is a critical infusion pressure beyond which crack formation occurs leading to fluid leakage. At a rate of 10 mL/hr, a volume of 50 μL remained below the critical pressure.
conclusionsAlthough increasing the infusion rate increases stress on the tissue and the risk of crack formation, injections of 6%EC-ethanol were localized regardless of infusion rate. To further limit leakage, multiple low-volume infusions may be employed. SIGNIFICANCE: These results, and the experimental framework developed to obtain them, can inform optimizing EC-ethanol to treat a range of medical conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.