ArticleParasitology2020
Strongylid infection varies with age, sex, movement and social factors in wild African elephants.
Article in Parasitology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endoparasite Prevalence in the Mountain Bongo (Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Helminthiasis Among African Elephants in Tsavo and Laikipia-Samburu Ecosystems, Kenya.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and risk factors for endoparasite infection in subtropical feral cattle in Hong Kong.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- Divergent age-related changes in parasite infection occur independently of behaviour and demography in a wild ungulate.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Gastrointestinal Polyparasitism in Bushmeat in Zadie Department in Northeast Gabon.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Social support correlates with glucocorticoid concentrations in wild African elephant orphans.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Orphaning stunts growth in wild African elephants.Conservation physiology · 2022Article
- Investigating associations between nematode infection and three measures of sociality in Asian elephants.Behavioral ecology and sociobiology · 2022Article
- Demographic and reproductive associations with nematode infection in a long-lived mammal.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Comparing parasitic infection among individuals of wildlife populations can provide insight into factors that influence wildlife disease ecology. Strongylids are parasitic worms that infect the intestinal tract of vertebrates, and infection with strongylids can be approximated by counting strongylid eggs in dung samples. Here we tested for correlations between strongylid egg counts and 18 different individual characteristics, environmental and social factors in individually known wild African elephants. We counted more eggs in the dung samples of younger elephants and females relative to mature elephants and males. We also found that elephants spending more time outside reserves shed more strongylid eggs than elephants that were more often within reserves. Elephants that were less socially integrated, as measured by how much aggression they received from other elephants, shed fewer strongylid eggs; relatedly, socially isolated orphan elephants that had left their family shed fewer strongylid eggs than elephants that remained with their family. Our results suggest that landscapes altered by livestock grazing and social disruption caused by humans may impact parasitic infection in wildlife.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.