Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31840025›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in ecology and evolution2018

The Monogamy Paradox: What Do Love and Sex Have to Do With It?

C Sue Carter, Allison M Perkeybile

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in ecology and evolution, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
7.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Stress: A Hormetic Perspective.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. PVN-NAc Shell-VP Circuit OT and OTR Neurons Regulate Pair Bonding via D2R and D1R.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Validity of mental and physical stress models.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Hearing ability of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster).The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Close encounters with oxytocin.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Sex, love and oxytocin: Two metaphors and a molecule.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Oxytocin and oxygen: the evolution of a solution to the 'stress of life'.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

C Sue CarterKinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
Allison M PerkeybileKinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
Indiana University Bloomington · US

Funding

ImagingP01HD075750 · NICHD · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI FERRIS, CRAIG F · 2014 to 2018
$4.3M
Epigenetic regulation of oxytocin pathways in the maternal brainF32HD092051 · NICHD · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI PERKEYBILE, ALLISON M. · 2018 to 2020
$197k
NICHD NIH HHS F32 HD092051NICHD NIH HHS P01 HD075750
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genetic monogamy is rare-at least at the level of a species-and monogamy can exist in the absence of sexual fidelity. Rather than focusing on mating exclusivity, it has become common to use the term "social monogamy" to describe a cluster of social features, including the capacity for selective and lasting social bonds, central to what humans call "love." Socially monogamous mammals often exhibit selective aggression toward strangers and form extended families. These features of social monogamy in mammals are supported by patterns of hormonal function originating in the neurobiology of maternity, including oxytocin, as well as a more primitive vasopressin pathway. Another key feature of social monogamy is reduced sexual dimorphism. Processes associated with sexual differentiation offer clues to the mysteries surrounding the evolution of monogamy. Although there is consistency in the necessary ingredients, it is likely that there is no single recipe for social monogamy. As reviewed here, genes for steroids and peptides and their receptors are variable and are subject to epigenetic regulation across the lifespan permitting individual, gender and species variations and providing substrates for evolution. Reduced sensitivity to gonadal androgens, and a concurrent increased reliance on vasopressin (for selective defense) and oxytocin (for selective affiliation) may have offered pathways to the emergence of social monogamy.

Indexed as

androgensestrogenmonogamyoxytocinprairie voletestosteronevasopressin

Identifiers

PMID31840025
PMCPMC6910656
OpenAlexW2902687716

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.