ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2020
Distinct Polygenic Score Profiles in Schizophrenia Subgroups With Different Trajectories of Cognitive Development.
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebellar gray matter volume changes in patients with schizophrenia: A voxel-based meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic Review: How the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Polygenic Risk Score Adds to Our Understanding of ADHD and Associated Traits.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review and narrative synthesis of data-driven studies in schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive deficits.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Polygenic risk meets early trauma: toward a neuropsychodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Polygenic profiles in youth with early-onset psychosis and offspring of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder patients.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Multi-threshold polygenic risk improves hippocampal-based cognitive decline prediction.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Deep learning-based stratification of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder from real-world data reveals distinct profiles of common and rare variant genetic signal.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Developmental trajectories of vocabulary and logical thinking skills across adolescence: a person-centered longitudinal study in China.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Genetic risk for neurodevelopmental disorders as a potential factor affecting antipsychotic responsiveness in schizophrenia: a postmortem brain study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cognition before and after psychosis onset: A naturalistic study of change, heterogeneity, and prognosis.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Review
- Restoring Course as a Core Diagnostic Element of Psychotic Disorders.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Review
- Cognitive predictors and genetic moderators of employment outcomes in people with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
- Distinct cognitive trajectories in the early course of psychosis are associated with clinical and functional outcomes longitudinally.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Genetic risk for treatment resistant schizophrenia and corresponding variation in dopamine synthesis capacity and DMolecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Polygenic Scores for Schizophrenia and Educational Attainment Predict Global Functioning Across Psychiatric Hospitalization Among People with Schizophrenia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring the latent cognitive structure in schizophrenia: implications for antipsychotic treatment responses.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Demographic, Premorbid, and Clinical Characteristics of Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients with High and Low Polygenic Liability to the Disorder.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cognitive presentation at psychosis onset through premorbid deterioration and exposure to environmental risk factors.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Identifying neurobiological heterogeneity in clinical high-risk psychosis: a data-driven biotyping approach using resting-state functional connectivity.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Familiality of the Intelligence Quotient in First Episode Psychosis: Is the Degree of Family Resemblance Associated With Different Profiles?Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDifferent cognitive development histories in schizophrenia may reflect variation across dimensions of genetic influence. The authors derived and characterized cognitive development trajectory subgroups within a schizophrenia sample and profiled the subgroups across polygenic scores (PGSs) for schizophrenia, cognition, educational attainment, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
methodsDemographic, clinical, and genetic data were collected at the National Institute of Mental Health from 540 schizophrenia patients, 247 unaffected siblings, and 844 control subjects. Cognitive trajectory subgroups were derived through cluster analysis using estimates of premorbid and current IQ. PGSs were generated using standard methods. Associations were tested using general linear models and logistic regression.
resultsCluster analyses identified three cognitive trajectory subgroups in the schizophrenia group: preadolescent cognitive impairment (19%), adolescent disruption of cognitive development (44%), and cognitively stable adolescent development (37%). Together, the four PGSs significantly predicted 7.9% of the variance in subgroup membership. Subgroup characteristics converged with genetic patterns. Cognitively stable individuals had the best adult clinical outcomes and differed from control subjects only in schizophrenia PGSs. Those with adolescent disruption of cognitive development showed the most severe symptoms after diagnosis and were cognitively impaired. This subgroup had the highest schizophrenia PGSs and had disadvantageous cognitive PGSs relative to control subjects and cognitively stable individuals. Individuals showing preadolescent impairment in cognitive and academic performance and poor adult outcome exhibited a generalized PGS disadvantage relative to control subjects and were the only subgroup to differ significantly in education and ADHD PGSs.
conclusionsSubgroups derived from patterns of premorbid and current IQ showed different premorbid and clinical characteristics, which converged with broad genetic profiles. Simultaneous analysis of multiple PGSs may contribute to useful clinical stratification in schizophrenia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.