ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Associations Between Maternal Thyroid Function in Pregnancy and Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of the effects of levothyroxine therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy on offspring outcomes.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- The risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus in maternal subclinical hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Pooled it
- Association between maternal thyroid function and risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of thyroid function on assisted reproduction outcomes in euthyroid infertile women: A single center retrospective data analysis and a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal thyroid function in multiple pregnancies - a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Metaverse Clinic for Pregnant Women With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Prospective Randomized Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Probiotics and Prebiotics in Subclinical Hypothyroidism of Pregnancy with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2024Trial
- Maternal Thyroid Diseases, Medication Use and Childhood Cancer Risks in Offspring: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Denmark.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Models of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Congenital Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exposure to heavy metals and metalloids in PMScientific reports · 2026Observational
- Association between the systemic immune-inflammation index within 1 h after birth and the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Partial molar pregnancy with a viable co-twin complicated by placenta accreta spectrum: case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- ChIP-seq and RNA-seq Reveal the Involvement of Histone Lactylation Modification in Early Pregnancy with Subclinical Hypothyroidism.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Management of Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy and Its Impact on Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between age-specific preconception thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and birth weight: a retrospective study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Thyroid Function or Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age of the Offspring: A Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Associations Between Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy and Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes:Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2026Article
- Unraveling the underlying causality: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis of the association between thyroid function and gestational diabetes mellitus.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Association between thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and neonatal neurodevelopmental outcomes.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Maternal Endocrine and Metabolic Health and Outcomes (MEMO): a prospective cohort study of gestational diabetes mellitus and subclinical hypothyroidism in China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe effects of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism on pregnancy outcomes are not clear.
objectiveWe aimed to assess potential associations between maternal thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) levels in pregnancy and obstetric and perinatal outcomes.
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingTertiary academic medical center. PATIENTS: Women aged ≥18 years with a singleton gestation and no known thyroid disease seen for prenatal care at Boston Medical Center from January 1, 2003 through May 22, 2014, and their fetuses and infants were included.
main outcome measuresRisk ratios of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes.
resultsA total of 8,413 pregnant women (mean age 29.1 years, 15% white, 60% black, 13% Hispanic) and their fetuses and infants (mean gestational age at birth 38.5 weeks, 52% male, mean birth weight 3.2 kg) were included in the analyses. The median (interquartile range) TSH level was 1.06(0.62-1.60) mIU/L, and 130 women (1.6%) had TSH > 4 mIU/L. Maternal TSH levels > 4 mIU/L were associated with increased risks of prematurity (risk ratio [RR] 2.17 [95% confidence interval 1.15-4.07] P = .016) and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (RR 2.83 [95% confidence interval 1.02-7.86] P = .046) compared to TSH levels ≤ 4 mIU/L. Although not statistically significant, TSH levels > 4 mIU/L were also associated with increased RRs for fetal loss, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and low birth weight. TSH levels > 4 mIU/L were not associated with preterm labor, placental abruption, cesarean section, gestational hypertension or diabetes, or neonatal intensive care unit admission.
conclusionMaternal serum TSH concentration > 4 mIU/L in pregnancy was associated with approximately 2-fold increased risks of prematurity and RDS in offspring. Elevated TSH was also associated with statistically non-significant increases in the risk of fetal loss, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and low birth weight.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.