ArticleToxins2019
Co-occurrence of DON and Emerging Mycotoxins in Worldwide Finished Pig Feed and Their Combined Toxicity in Intestinal Cells.
Article in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coexistence and combined toxic effects of principal emerging and common mycotoxins.Mycotoxin research · 2026Review
- Apicidin is a key virulence determinant of Fusarium asiaticum in wheat-rice cropping systems.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
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- Emerging toxins and emerging concerns: determination of selected mycotoxins in rabbit and rodent pet food using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Mycotoxin research · 2025Article
- Effect of Aflasafe TZ01Toxins · 2025Article
- Absolute oral bioavailability, quantitative toxicokinetics and metabolite profiling of alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in pigs.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Hazard characterization of the mycotoxins enniatins and beauvericin to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Structural Similarity, Activity, and Toxicity of Mycotoxins: Combining Insights from Unsupervised and Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
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- Potential for the Bio-Detoxification of the Mycotoxins Enniatin B and Deoxynivalenol by Lactic Acid Bacteria andMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Article
- Fusarium graminearum rapid alkalinization factor peptide negatively regulates plant immunity and cell growth via the FERONIA receptor kinase.Plant biotechnology journal · 2024Article
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- Article
- Review
- Traditional and emergingAnimal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2023Article
- Co-Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Feed for Cattle, Pigs, Poultry, and Sheep in Navarra, a Region of Northern Spain.Toxins · 2023Article
- Article
- Evaluation of dietary mycotoxin control strategies on nursery pig growth performance and blood measures.Translational animal science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Food and feed can be naturally contaminated by several mycotoxins, and concern about the hazard of exposure to mycotoxin mixtures is increasing. In this study, more than 800 metabolites were analyzed in 524 finished pig feed samples collected worldwide. Eighty-eight percent of the samples were co-contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) and other regulated/emerging mycotoxins. The Top 60 emerging/regulated mycotoxins co-occurring with DON in pig feed shows that 48%, 13%, 8% and 12% are produced by Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Alternaria species, respectively. Then, the individual and combined toxicity of DON and the 10 most prevalent emerging mycotoxins (brevianamide F, cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Tyr), tryptophol, enniatins A1, B, B1, emodin, aurofusarin, beauvericin and apicidin) was measured at three ratios corresponding to pig feed contamination. Toxicity was assessed by measuring the viability of intestinal porcine epithelial cells, IPEC-1, at 48-h. BRV-F, Cyclo and TRPT did not alter cell viability. The other metabolites were ranked in the following order of toxicity: apicidin > enniatin A1 > DON > beauvericin > enniatin B > enniatin B1 > emodin > aurofusarin. In most of the mixtures, combined toxicity was similar to the toxicity of DON alone. In terms of pig health, these results demonstrate that the co-occurrence of emerging mycotoxins that we tested with DON does not exacerbate toxicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.