ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Prostaglandin E2/EP Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-Coding RNAs Implicated in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer: Roles, Mechanisms and Clinical Study.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Identification of RPL4 as a biomarker associated with disulfidptosis and arachidonic acid metabolism in breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Hsa_circ_0007158 promotes colorectal cancer progression via the ceRNA axis and its association with immune infiltration.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Integrative In Silico and FFPE Tissue Analyses Elucidate Upregulated Genes in Colorectal Cancer Enriched for Tie2-Expressing Macrophages/Monocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Prostaglandin ESignal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- The dual pathological roles and targeted therapy of PGEFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The Role of Prostaglandins as Major Inflammatory Mediators in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Natural products as therapeutic interventions for inflammation-mediated cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Recent clinical advances in nonconjugated antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates for colorectal cancer treatment.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- The Phenotypical and Functional Effect of PGE2 on Human Macrophages.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- [Effects of hyperoxia on the expression of hippocampal N-methyl D-aspartate receptor 1 and its synapse-associated molecules in neonatal rats].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Article
- Statins exhibit anti-tumor potential by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer.Oncotarget · 2025Article
- Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on gastric cancer immunity and immunotherapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 20 affects immune cell infiltration by regulating prostaglandin E2 on intraperitoneal metastasis model of colorectal cancer.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- From silent partners to potential therapeutic targets: macrophages in colorectal cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- Organotropic metastasis in colorectal cancer: integrating molecular pathways with therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The oral-gut axis in chronic atrophic gastritis: current perspectives and integrated strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in colorectal cancer.Annals of medicine · 2024Review
- Effect of colorectal cancer stem cells on the development and metastasis of colorectal cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Review
- Inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, and cancer: unmasking the chronic inflammation link.International journal of colorectal disease · 2024Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The number of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is increasing worldwide. Accumulating evidence has shown that the tumor microenvironment (TME), including macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblasts, plays an important role in the development and progression of CRC. Although targeting the TME could be a promising therapeutic approach, the mechanisms by which inflammatory cells promote CRC tumorigenesis are not well understood. When inflammation occurs in tissues, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is generated from arachidonic acid by the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). PGE2 regulates multiple functions in various immune cells by binding to the downstream receptors EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, and plays an important role in the development of CRC. The current therapies targeting PGE2 using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or COX-2 inhibitors have failed due to the global prostanoid suppression resulting in the severe adverse effects despite the fact they could prevent tumorigenesis. Therefore, therapies targeting the specific downstream molecules of PGE2 signaling could be a promising approach. This review highlights the role of each EP receptor in the TME of CRC tumorigenesis and their therapeutic potential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.